MICROBIOLOGY-MASTERING MICRO.-ACCESS
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780321802705
Author: Tortora
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 26, Problem 2A
Summary Introduction
To write:
How frequent douching can be a predisposing factor to bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis and trichomoniasis
Given:
Frequent douching is a predisposing factor to bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis and trichomoniasis
Introduction:
Cleaning the intravaginal area with liquid is termed as douching to prevent infection. However, frequent douching may disturb the normal healthy flora of the vagina which leads to pelvic associated diseases.
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Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption
1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.
Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable)
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data
(b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data
c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data
(d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip
(e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
(f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo
3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug:
(a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate)
(b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax).
(c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax).
(d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.)
(e)…
List substitutions in your diet you could make to improve it based on what you know now about a balanced diet. For instance, if you like to drink soda, you might substitute skim milk or water for some of the soft drinks you consumed. List the item you wish to replace with the new item and what you hope to accomplish with that substitution. Be sure to choose foods you know that you'd enjoy and you consider more "healthful." If you feel your diet is already balanced, describe how you accomplish your balanced intake and when you began eating this way.
Chapter 26 Solutions
MICROBIOLOGY-MASTERING MICRO.-ACCESS
Ch. 26 - coli to cause cystitis. Do the same for...Ch. 26 - Prob. 2RCh. 26 - Explain why E. coli is frequently implicated in...Ch. 26 - Name one organism that causes pyelonephritis. What...Ch. 26 - Prob. 5RCh. 26 - Describe the symptoms of genital herpes. What is...Ch. 26 - Name one fungus and one protozoan that can cause...Ch. 26 - List the genital infections that cause congenital...Ch. 26 - Prob. 9RCh. 26 - The tropical skin disease called yaws is...
Ch. 26 - Prob. 2ACh. 26 - How is this selective for Neisseria?Ch. 26 - Prob. 4ACh. 26 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 26 - Microscopic examination of vaginal smear shows...Ch. 26 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 26 - Fluid-filled vesicles a. candidiasis b. bacterial...Ch. 26 - Fluid-filled vesicles a. candidiasis b. bacterial...Ch. 26 - The most common cause of cystitis. a. Chlamydia...Ch. 26 - In cases of NGU, diagnosis is made using PCR to...Ch. 26 - Prob. 1CAECh. 26 - A 28-year-old woman was admitted to a Wisconsin...Ch. 26 - Prob. 3CAE
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