Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 26, Problem 28E
A cluster of galaxies is observed to have a recessional velocity of 60,000 km/s. Find the distance to the cluster. (Assume a Hubble constant of 22 km/s per million light-years.)
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Pretend that galaxies are spaced evenly, 7.0 Mpc apart, and the average mass of a galaxy is 1.0 ✕ 1011 M. What is the average density (in kg/m3) of matter in the universe? (Note: The volume of a sphere is 4/3pieR^3 and the mass of the sun is 2.0 ✕ 1030 kg.)
______ kg/m^3
Which model universe does this density value support?
A: open
B: flat
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Consider a universe in which the Hubble constant has been measured to have the value H0 = 50 km/s/Mpc. Estimate the age of this universe, assuming the recession velocities between pairs of galaxies do not vary with time, and express your answer in units of Gyr.
What is the estimated age of the Universe (in years) if the Hubble constant is 80 km/s/Mpc?
Chapter 26 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 26 - Describe the main distinguishing features of...Ch. 26 - Why did it take so long for the existence of other...Ch. 26 - Explain what the mass-to-light ratio is and why it...Ch. 26 - If we now realize dwarf ellipticals are the most...Ch. 26 - What are the two best ways to measure the distance...Ch. 26 - What are the two best ways to measure the distance...Ch. 26 - Why is Hubble’s law considered one of the most...Ch. 26 - What does it mean to say that the universe is...Ch. 26 - Was Hubble’s original estimate of the distance to...Ch. 26 - Does an elliptical galaxy rotate like a spiral...
Ch. 26 - Why does the disk of a spiral galaxy appear dark...Ch. 26 - What causes the largest mass-to-light ratio: gas...Ch. 26 - What is the most useful standard bulb method for...Ch. 26 - When comparing two isolated spiral galaxies that...Ch. 26 - If all distant galaxies are expanding away from...Ch. 26 - Is the Hubble constant actually constant?Ch. 26 - Where might the gas and dust (if any) in an...Ch. 26 - Why can we not determine distances to galaxies by...Ch. 26 - Which is redder-a spiral galaxy or an elliptical...Ch. 26 - Suppose the stars in an elliptical galaxy all...Ch. 26 - Starting with the determination of the size of...Ch. 26 - Suppose the Milky Way Galaxy were truly isolated...Ch. 26 - Suppose you were Hubble and Humason, working on...Ch. 26 - What does it mean if one elliptical galaxy has...Ch. 26 - Based on your analysis of galaxies in Table 26.1,...Ch. 26 - Can a higher mass-to-light ratio mean that there...Ch. 26 - According to Hubble’s law, what is the recessional...Ch. 26 - A cluster of galaxies is observed to have a...Ch. 26 - Suppose we could measure the distance to a galaxy...Ch. 26 - Calculate the mass-to-light ratio for a globular...Ch. 26 - Calculate the mass-to-light ratio for a luminous...
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- What is the most useful standard bulb method for determining distances to galaxies?arrow_forwardBased on your analysis of galaxies in Table 26.1, is there a correlation between the population of stars and the quantity of gas or dust? Explain why this might be.arrow_forwardWhy can we not determine distances to galaxies by the same method used to measure the parallaxes of stars?arrow_forward
- When comparing two isolated spiral galaxies that have the same apparent brightness, but rotate at different rates, what can you say about their relative luminosity?arrow_forwardThe Hubble Law, equation (D), can be used to determine the age of the universe. Using your average valueof H, calculate the recessional velocity of a galaxy of a galaxy which is 800 Mpc away.Velocity of a galaxy 800 Mpc away: _______________________________km/secarrow_forwardThe time for a galaxy to cross from one side of a cluster to the other is called the crossing time. Find the crossing time for a galaxy moving at speed v to cross a cluster with a diameter d. Express you answer in gigayears, using one decimal place. Values: v = 849 km/s d = 1.3 Mpcarrow_forward
- If a galaxy is 8.9 Mpc away from Earth and recedes at 510 km/s, what is H0 (in km/s/Mpc)?arrow_forwardA Type la supernova explodes in a galaxy at a distance of 6.10×107 light-years from Earth. If astronomers detect the light from the supernova today, how many years T have passed since the supernova exploded? T= 2.07 x10 -5 years Given a Hubble constant of 74.3 km/s/Mpc, at what speed v is this galaxy moving away from Earth? v= km/s What is this galaxy's redshift? redshift:arrow_forwardPretend that galaxies are spaced evenly, 2.0 Mpc apart, and the average mass of a galaxy is 1.0 x 1011 Mo: What is the average density (in kg/m3) of matter in the universe? (ote: The volume of a sphere is , and the mass of the sun is 2.0 x 1030 kg.) kg/m3arrow_forward
- Pretend that galaxies are spaced evenly, 4.0 Mpc apart, and the average mass of a galaxy is 1.0 x 101 M What is the average density (in kg/m³) of matter in the universe? (Note: The volume of a sphere is 4 -ar, and the mass of the sun is 2.0 x 1030 kg.) kg/m3 Which model universe does this density value support? flat open closedarrow_forwardIf a galaxy is 8.8 Mpc away from Earth and recedes at 498 km/s, what is H0 (in km/s/Mpc)? _______ km/s/Mpc What is the Hubble time (in yr)? _______ yr How would acceleration change your answer? A: If the expansion of the Universe has been accelerating, the Universe could be substantially younger than the value entered above. B: If the expansion of the Universe has been accelerating, the Universe could be substantially older than the value entered above.arrow_forwardwhy do you have to know the distance to a galaxy to find its mass?arrow_forward
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