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wo techniques commonly used to study the expression patterns of genes that play a role in development are Northern blotting and in situ hybridization. As described in Chapter 21, Northern blotting is used to detect RNA that is transcribed from a particular gene. In this method, a specific RNA is detected by using a short segment of cloned DNA as a probe. The DNA probe, which is labeled, is complementary to the RNA that the researcher wishes to detect. After the DNA probe binds to the RNA within a blot of a gel, the RNA is visualized as a labeled band on a nylon membrane. For example, a DNA probe that is complementary to the bicoid mRNA could be used to specifically detect the amount of that mRNA in a blot.
A second technique, termed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), is used to identify the locations of genes on chromosomes. This technique is also used to locate gene products within oocytes, embryos, and larvae. Thus, it has been commonly used by developmental geneticists to understand the expression patterns of genes during development. The micrograph in Figure 26.8b is derived from the application of the FISH technique. In this case, the probe was complementary to bicoid mRNA.
Now here is the question. Suppose a researcher has three different Drosophila strains that have loss-of-function mutations in the bicoid gene. We will call them bicoid-A, bicoid-B, and bicoid-C; the wild type is designated bicoid+. To study these mutations,
A. How can phenotypically normal female flies be homozygous for a loss-of-function allele in the bicoid gene?
B. Explain the type of mutation (e.g., deletion, point mutation, etc.) in each of the three strains. Explain how the mutation may cause a loss of normal function for the bicoid gene product.
C. Discuss how the use of both techniques provides more definitive information than the application of just one of the techniques.
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Chapter 26 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
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- fa How many different gametes, f₂ phenotypes and f₂ genotypes can potentially be produced from individuals of the following genotypes? 1) AaBb i) AaBB 11) AABSC- AA Bb Cc Dd EE Cal bsm nortubaarrow_forwardC MasteringHealth MasteringNu × session.healthandnutrition-mastering.pearson.com/myct/itemView?assignment ProblemID=17396416&attemptNo=1&offset=prevarrow_forward10. Your instructor will give you 2 amino acids during the activity session (video 2-7. A. First color all the polar and non-polar covalent bonds in the R groups of your 2 amino acids using the same colors as in #7. Do not color the bonds in the backbone of each amino acid. B. Next, color where all the hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions and ionic bonds could occur in the R group of each amino acid. Use the same colors as in #7. Do not color the bonds in the backbone of each amino acid. C. Position the two amino acids on the page below in an orientation where the two R groups could bond together. Once you are satisfied, staple or tape the amino acids in place and label the bond that you formed between the two R groups. - Polar covalent Bond - Red - Non polar Covalent boND- yellow - Ionic BonD - PINK Hydrogen Bonn - Purple Hydrophobic interaction-green O=C-N H I. H HO H =O CH2 C-C-N HICK H HO H CH2 OH H₂N C = Oarrow_forwardarrow_back_iosSEE MORE QUESTIONSarrow_forward_ios
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