The process by which renal compensation affects blood plasma levels of HCO 3 − ions, and the process by which respiratory compensation affects blood PaCO 2 . Concept introduction: Acid–base balance is homeostatic maintenance of the extracellular fluid’s pH. The maintenance of optimum pH is essential for normal physiological functioning of the body. If there is any disturbance in the acid–base balance, it leads to acidosis and alkalosis. Acidosis occurs when the concentration of hydrogen ions increases or serum pH decreases. Acid–base imbalance such as metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, and respiratory alkalosis affects the concentration of the bicarbonate ions in the blood plasma.

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Chapter 25.6, Problem 24WDL

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To explain: The process by which renal compensation affects blood plasma levels of HCO3− ions, and the process by which respiratory compensation affects blood PaCO₂.

Concept introduction: Acid–base balance is homeostatic maintenance of the extracellular fluid’s pH. The maintenance of optimum pH is essential for normal physiological functioning of the body. If there is any disturbance in the acid–base balance, it leads to acidosis and alkalosis. Acidosis occurs when the concentration of hydrogen ions increases or serum pH decreases. Acid–base imbalance such as metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, and respiratory alkalosis affects the concentration of the bicarbonate ions in the blood plasma.

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