Chapter 25, Problem 2E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To explain what nucleus is obtained from decaying of ${\text{Pb}}_{82}^{214}$ through ß emissions.

Concept introduction:

Beta-decay of the nucleus involves the ejection of positive charged electron and neutrino. During this process, the neutron is transformed into a proton. The ejection of the electron is to conserve the total charge of the system. The positive charge gets transformed to neutron. The transformation of a neutron into proton makes the atom heavier to move it down the periodic table.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To explain the decay of ${\text{Ra}}_{\text{82}}^{\text{226}}$ through three successive a emissions.

Concept introduction:

During the process of alpha decay, helium particle also known as alpha is ejected fromthe nucleus. The particle has 4 nucleons which are comprised of two protons. As there is the ejection of two protons the elements atomic mass reduced that moves the elements two places close to hydrogen.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To explain the element formed due to ß+ decay of ${\text{As}}_{33}^{69}$

Concept introduction:

When neutron turns into a proton, beta decay happens to bring stability. This can be observed in the case of the carbon-14 isotope. This is said to be beta minus emission. But beta plus decay processes when the proton changes to neutron emitting positron. Positrons are positively charged particles having an atomic number of 1 and mass as zero.