Chapter 25, Problem 25.10E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The percentage of the total ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ and ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ transported by the blood in the form of ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ as dissolved gas in plasma is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A heme group contains an iron atom in it. The heme unit is connected with a protein chain. A protein contains many amino acids. The number of amino acid is higher than the number of heme units in a hemoglobin molecule. There are different types of hemoglobin molecules which are categorized on the basis of their forms and functions.

Answer to Problem 25.10E

Only $2\%$ of the total ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ transported by the blood is in the form of ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ as dissolved gas in the plasma.

Explanation of Solution

The percentage of dissolved gas depends on the extent of dissolution of gas in the aqueous medium. In plasma, ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ is not much soluble. It means that a small percentage of ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ as dissolved gas in plasma is present in the body. The value of this percentage is about $2\%$.

Therefore, only $2\%$ of the total ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ transported by the blood is in the form of ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ as dissolved gas in the plasma.

Conclusion

Only $2\%$ of the total ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ transported by the blood is in the form of ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ as dissolved gas in the plasma.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The percentage of the total ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ and ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ transported by the blood in the form of ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ as oxyhemoglobin is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A heme group contains an iron atom in it. The heme unit is connected with a protein chain. A protein contains many amino acids. The number of amino acid is higher than the number of heme units in a hemoglobin molecule. There are different types of hemoglobin molecules which are categorized on the basis of their forms and functions.

Answer to Problem 25.10E

Approximately, $98\%$ of the total ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ transported by the blood is in the form of ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ as oxyhemoglobin.

Explanation of Solution

The hemoglobin serves various functions in different chemical forms. One form of hemoglobin acts as an oxygen carrier in the blood. This form is named as oxyhemoglobin. Oxyhemoglobin is the type of hemoglobin that transports oxygen. Most of the oxygen is transported by the blood in this form. The percentage for this form is around $98\%$.

Therefore, $98\%$ of the total ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ transported by the blood is in the form of ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ as oxyhemoglobin.

Conclusion

Approximately, $98\%$ of the total ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ transported by the blood is in the form of ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ as oxyhemoglobin.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The percentage of the total ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ and ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ transported by the blood in the form of ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ as carbaminohemoglobin is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A heme group contains an iron atom in it. The heme unit is connected with a protein chain. A protein contains many amino acids. The number of amino acid is higher than the number of heme units in a hemoglobin molecule. There are different types of hemoglobin molecules which are categorized on the basis of their forms and functions.

Answer to Problem 25.10E

Approximately $25\%$ of the total ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ transported by the blood is in the form of ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ as carbaminohemoglobin.

Explanation of Solution

The hemoglobin serves various functions in different chemical forms. Carbaminohemoglobin is another form of hemoglobin which is formed by combining hemoglobin with ${\text{CO}}_2$. The percentage for this form is around $25\%$.

Therefore, $25\%$ of the total ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ transported by the blood is in the form of ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ as carbaminohemoglobin.

Conclusion

Approximately, $25\%$ of the total ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ transported by the blood is in the form of ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ as carbaminohemoglobin.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The percentage of the total ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ and ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ transported by the blood in the form of ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ as dissolved gas in plasma is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A heme group contains an iron atom in it. The heme unit is connected with a protein chain. A protein contains many amino acids. The number of amino acid is higher than the number of heme units in a hemoglobin molecule. There are different types of hemoglobin molecules which are categorized on the basis of their forms and functions.

Answer to Problem 25.10E

Approximately, $5\%$ of the total ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ transported by the blood is in the form of ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ as dissolved gas in the plasma.

Explanation of Solution

The percentage of dissolved gas depends on the extent of dissolution of gas in the aqueous medium. In plasma, ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ is not much soluble. It means a small percentage of ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ as dissolved gas in plasma is present in the body. The value of this percentage is about $5\%$.

Therefore, only $5\%$ of the total ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ transported by the blood is in the form of ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ as dissolved gas in the plasma.

Conclusion

Approximately, $5\%$ of the total ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ transported by the blood is in the form of ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ as dissolved gas in the plasma.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The percentage of the total ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ and ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ transported by the blood in the form of ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ as bicarbonate ions are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

A heme group contains an iron atom in it. The heme unit is connected with a protein chain. A protein contains many amino acids. The number of amino acid is higher than the number of heme units in a hemoglobin molecule. There are different types of hemoglobin molecules which are categorized on the basis of their forms and functions.

Answer to Problem 25.10E

Approximately $70\%$ of the total ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ transported by the blood is in the form of ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ as bicarbonate ions.

Explanation of Solution

Bicarbonate ions $\left({\text{HCO}}_3^{-}\right)$ are important for the biological processes going on in the body. These are present as buffers in the body which are required for biochemical reactions. Bicarbonate buffers are required for reactions occurring outside the cell. It means that fluid outside the cell is rich in ${\text{HCO}}_3^{-}$. Plasma contains ${\text{HCO}}_3^{-}$ in high concentration. The value of this percentage is about $70\%$.

Therefore, around $70\%$ of the total ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ transported by the blood is in the form of ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ as bicarbonate ions.

Conclusion

Approximately, $70\%$ of the total ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ transported by the blood is in the form of ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ as bicarbonate ions.