Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134296012
Author: Martha R. Taylor, Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Kelly A. Hogan, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 25, Problem 23TYK
Summary Introduction
To suggest: An evolutionary hypothesis to explain why mammals and birds living at the higher altitudes are, on average larger and bulkier than related species living at lower latitudes.
Concept introduction: Thermoregulation is a homeostatic mechanism by which organisms maintain a constant body temperature regardless of external fluctuations. The inability to do so can result in death of an organism.
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How would you apply this in a Lamarckian explanation?
Tiger Moths (Bertholdia trigona) produce high pitched ultrasonic clicking (at a rate of 4500 clicks/sec) when they hear the echolocation calls of bats (bats eat moths). As a result, the bat's sonar is jammed and the Tiger Moth escapes without being caught, killed, and eaten. Please use your knowledge of Evolution by Natural Selection to explain the process by which this remarkable anti-predator defense evolved in Tiger Moths.
Please use your Knowledge of Evolution by Natural Selection to explain the process by which this remarkable anti-predator defense evolved in Tiger Moths.
One of Darwin’s finches, the medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis), is found on the small island of Daphne Major. These finches are seedeating birds. A major drought occurred on the island in 1977. Following the drought, the average beak size of medium ground finches had increased about 3%–4%. Why might a drought lead to an evolutionary change in beak size? Propose a hypothesis and explain how you could go about testing it.
What makes the ecosystem of the Galapagos Island different than those found on large continentals?
Upon what did Charles Darwin's original research on finches of the Galapagos Island focus?
Describe the research Peter and Rosemary Grant conducted on the finches in the 1970's.
Discuss the relationship between the finches' beak depth size and survival in terms of natural selection and fitness and the environmental causes that shaped the finch population of the islands.
Chapter 25 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (9th Edition)
Ch. 25 - Complete this map, which presents the three main...Ch. 25 - In this schematic of urine production in a...Ch. 25 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 25 - In each nephron of the kidney, the glomerulus and...Ch. 25 - As filtrate passes through the loop of Henle, salt...Ch. 25 - Birds and insects excrete uric acid, whereas...Ch. 25 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 25 - Match each of the following components of blood...Ch. 25 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 10TYK
Ch. 25 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 25 - Match each of the following components of blood...Ch. 25 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 25 - Compare the water and salt regulation in a salmon...Ch. 25 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 25 - Some diuretics are on a list of substances that...Ch. 25 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 22TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 23TYKCh. 25 - Prob. 24TYKCh. 25 - Scientists have found that the quantity of...
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- Imagine that you are an evolutionary biologist currenyly studying a particular species of snake on an island off the coast of Durban, South Africa and that you have information indicating that1000 years ago, the same species of snakes in that island was observed to exist in a variety of colours (Red blue,yellow green) and that most of the snakes were blue. This same species of snakes and the same mixof colours were also found on the mainland (i.e Kwazulu Natal) Assuming that all the snakes are descended from an ancestral blue snake, explain this change in colour frequency (evolution) as though it were based solely on each of the following processes. a. Natural selection b. Bottleneck effect c. Founder effectarrow_forwardI need some help with this questionarrow_forwardEvolution in Humans: 1) describe several techniques that paleontologists today use to establish fossil age 2) describe how tracking changes in DNA sequence among related organisms can be used to create a migration maparrow_forward
- Based on (MS-LS4-4) standard(grade8) - Mathematical Representations of Natural Selection: Most scientists think that a small group of finches colonized the Galápagos Islands thousands of years ago. They would have been the only seed-eating birds on the islands. Suppose one island was very dry and another had plentiful rainfall. Q)How would the finch populations on these islands change over time? Reference to the evidence from data (pictures of Data Set C - Galapagos Islands Finch - 25cm Average Rainfall and Data Set C - Galapagos Islands Finches - Rainfall Effect are attached) and reasoning to support your claim to support your claim. Kindly use also examples outside of the prompt and vocabulary for explanation.arrow_forwardThe Galapagos Islands are inhabited by organisms that are similar to the organisms on the mainland of South America but they have specific characteristics that set them apart. One of the most famous groups of organisms that has been studied has been the finches. There are at least 13 different species of ground finches found throughout the Galapagos, most likely all coming from a common ancestor that arrived from the mainland of South America in the distant past. Which of the following explanation accurately explains the variation of finches on the Galapagos Islands? Question options: Divergent evolution has occurred because the finches all share characteristics that are similar to the common ancestor but differ because each species occupies different niches that require different characteristics to survive. Convergent evolution has occurred because the finches do not share characteristics that are similar to the common ancestor and differ because each species occupies…arrow_forwardUse each of the following species concepts to write a claim about whether the dark and light fur mice are, in fact, different species. Your claim should demonstrate your understanding of that particular species concept. Mice with light coat colors are found in populations scattered across the southeastern US. Researchers believe the light coat color emerged in a single population. How would a biologist explain the evolution of the light coat color in populations across the southeastern US? Briefly explain your reasoning.arrow_forward
- Give a Darwinian explanation of how cheetahs evolved to become faster. Your explanation is how natural selection works using Cheetahs as an example. Be sure to include andexplain the ideas of differential reproductive success and descent with modification. (You do not need to mention the formation of new species.)arrow_forwardDuring drought years on the Galapagos, small, easily eaten seeds become rare leaving only large, hard-cased seeds that only birds with large beaks can eat. If the drought persists for several years, then what should one expect to result from natural selection? Explain your reasoning based on the postulates of the Darvin natural selection theory.arrow_forward8) Darwin's finches are often used to illustrate evolution. Evaluate the finch beaks shown in the picture. Choose ALL of the statements that correctly explain the evolution of finch beaks. A) As the environment changed, the finches grew longer beaks to allow them to get food out of fruits. Eliminate B) Finches with longer beaks settled on the same island with smaller beaked birds. Over time, they bred, producing medium beaked birds that became more common in the population. C) There are finches with different types of beaks in the population. During a drought, those with shorter beaks are not able to find sufficient food and die, leaving them unable to reproduce and pass the trait on to offspring. D) A random mutation introduced the shorter, thicker beak into the population. However, those with thinner, longer beaks were better able to get nectar from the island's flowers. Those birds with the shorter, thicker beaks were unable to get enough food to survive.…arrow_forward
- Based on your analysis of the following graph and accompanying cladogram (species have been assigned letters A, B, C, D, E, and F), Which of the following statements is TRUE? A В с D F -20 -15 -10 10 15 Average winter temperature (°C) Phylogeny of species Fur thickness in all 6 of these closely related species is most likely a result of Phylogenetic Affinity, and does NOT suggest an adaptation to differences in Average Winter temperature Fur thickness in the subgroup of species "A", "B" and "C" are most likely a result of Phylogenetic Affinity, and does NOT suggest an adaptation to differences in Average Winter temperature Fur thickness in the subgroup of species "D", "E" and "F" are most likely a result of Phylogenetic Affinity, and does NOT suggest an adaptation to differences in Average Winter temperature Fur thickness in the subgroup of species "A", "B" and "C" are most likely a result of Physiological Convergence. Similarity in fur thickness between species "A" and "D", and…arrow_forwardWhat data would suggest that a species evolutionary history includes sexual selection as a mechanism that helped shape the species? If males and females are significantly different from each other (sexual dimporphism) If males and females form different social groups (i.e. herds are formed from either males or females but not both) If some males reproduce with multiple females while other males do not reproduce If males engage in "risky" behaviorarrow_forwardTopic: Galapagos Finches Darwin’s readings took him to a predictive theory of how species might change with time: what later thinkers have called microevolution. Darwin’s philosophical worldview then took him beyond his evidence to a conviction that environmental constraints could create whole new structures and organisms. Soon Darwin’s theory of macroevolution replaced the Creator with an environment that could create solely by constraint. For your thread: According to Chapter 13 section 13.1, define microevolution and macroevolution. The Galapagos islands have a great diversity of landscapes – from lush vegetation to nearly barren lava fields yet the Galapagos Finches survive on each island. How can this be explained? Using the varying bills of the Galapagos Finches in figure 13.3 and additional research, explain how microevolution is evidenced.arrow_forward
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