UNIVERSE (LOOSELEAF):STARS+GALAXIES
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781319115043
Author: Freedman
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 25, Problem 20Q
To determine
Whether the observable universe of the astronomer living
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Assume the observable Universe is charge neutral, and that it contains n nuclei (hydrogen plus helium nuclei, ignoring other elements). Take the helium mass fraction as 1/4. How many electrons are there in the observable Universe? Enter your answer in scientific notation with one decimal place.
Value: n = 4*1080
Does Hubble's Law work well for galaxies in the Local Group (such as Andromeda)?
No, because dark energy is accelerating the universe's expansion over those distances.
No, because we do not know the precise value of Ho.
No, because Hubble did not know the Local Group existed when he discovered his law.
Yes, it works well for all galaxies.
No, because galaxies in the Local Group are bound gravitationally together.
The Andromeda Galaxy is a member of the Local Group of galaxies. It is approaching us. Does this mean that the Hubble Law is wrong? Why or why not? Explain.
Chapter 25 Solutions
UNIVERSE (LOOSELEAF):STARS+GALAXIES
Ch. 25 - Prob. 1QCh. 25 - Prob. 2QCh. 25 - Prob. 3QCh. 25 - Prob. 4QCh. 25 - Prob. 5QCh. 25 - Prob. 6QCh. 25 - Prob. 7QCh. 25 - Prob. 8QCh. 25 - Prob. 9QCh. 25 - Prob. 10Q
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- Your friends are talking about Olber's Paradox: Friend 1: When the universe was quite young, it was also quite small, and therefore light was trapped inside the universe. This is why we don't see light from the edge of the universe in every direction. Friend 2: No, Olber's Paradox describes only light from stars, not from galaxies, and why you can't use light from distant stars to see at night. Friend 3: You're both right and you're both wrong. The paradox concerns itself with the expansion of the universe, and explains why light from the early universe was able to be released. Are any of them right, in part or in whole?arrow_forwardAstronomers frequently say that "there are more stars in the universe than there are grains of sand on all the beaches on the earth". Given that a typical grain of sand is about 0.5 – 1.0 mm in diameter, estimate the number of grains of sand on all the earth's beaches. The diameter of the Earth is 12,742 km. a) About 1011 b) About 1016 c) About 1021. 6. Assume that a typical galaxy contains about 200 billion stars and that there are more than 150 billion galaxies in the known universe. Estimate the total number of stars in the universe. b) About 1022 a) About 1010 c) About 1016. 7. Compare the values of the number of grains of sand in all earth's beaches (from problem 5) with the number of stars in the universe (from problem 6) – which is greater? a) Number of sand grains b) number of stars c) they are about the same.arrow_forwardIf a galaxy is 9.0 Mpc away from Earth and recedes at 488 km/s, what is H0 (in km/s/Mpc)? km/s/Mpc What is the Hubble time (in yr)? years How old (in yr) would the universe be, assuming space-time is flat and the expansion of the universe has not been accelerating? How would acceleration change your answer? A.If the expansion of the Universe has been accelerating, the Universe could be substantially younger than the value entered above. BIf the expansion of the Universe has been accelerating, the Universe could be substantially older than the value entered above.arrow_forward
- Suppose you want to observe every galaxy within some distance. Your enterprising assistant says that instead you can observe every galaxy within double the original distance. What is the ratio of the number of galaxies you can now observe as opposed to before? (For example, if you can observe twice as many: 2. If you can observe half as many: 0.5) Your answerarrow_forwardAstronomers recently claimed to have discovered the most distant galaxy known. How would they have determine this distance?arrow_forwardAn astronomer observed the motions of some galaxies. Based on his observations, he made the following statements. Which one of them is most likely to be false? Take Hubble's constant to be 67 km/s/Mpc. A. A galaxy observed to be moving away from us at a speed of 70 km/s is at a distance of about 1 Mpc from us. B. A galaxy observed to be moving away from us at a speed of 700 km/s is at a distance of about 10 Mpc from us. C. A galaxy observed to be moving away from us at a speed of 7000 km/s is at a distance of about 100 Mpc from us. D. A galaxy observed to be moving away from us at a speed of 70000 km/s is at a distance of about 1 Gpc from us. Is the answer D? Thank you!arrow_forward
- What is the fate of a closed universe? In what case would that not be true?arrow_forwardHow does the inflationary universe hypothesis resolve the flatness problem? How does that hypothesis resolve the horizon problem?arrow_forwardWhat is the most useful probe of the early evolution of the universe: a giant elliptical galaxy or an irregular galaxy such as the Large Magellanic Cloud? Why?arrow_forward
- How are distant (young) galaxies different from the galaxies that we see in the universe today?arrow_forwardSuppose the stars in an elliptical galaxy all formed within a few million years shortly after the universe began. Suppose these stars have a range of masses, just as the stars in our own galaxy do. How would the color of the elliptical change over the next several billion years? How would its luminosity change? Why?arrow_forwardIs a cosmologist an astronomer? Is an astronomer a cosmologist? Why do you think so?arrow_forward
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