Digestion of carbohydrates and proteins by the digestive system . Introduction: Digestion of carbohydrates starts in the buccal cavity with the help of amylase enzyme. Further digestion occurs in the small intestines (by enzymes) and in the large intestine (by bacterial activity). Protein digestion occurs in the stomach and small intestine with the help of proteases, and in the large intestine (by bacterial activity).

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 25, Problem 1BYB

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

Digestion of carbohydrates and proteins by the digestive system.

Introduction:

Digestion of carbohydrates starts in the buccal cavity with the help of amylase enzyme. Further digestion occurs in the small intestines (by enzymes) and in the large intestine (by bacterial activity). Protein digestion occurs in the stomach and small intestine with the help of proteases, and in the large intestine (by bacterial activity).

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Carbohydrates and proteins are major components of food, along with fats. Digestion is defined as a process that converts the complex form of food into simple substances that can be absorbed by the cells. Digestion of food is performed by the digestive system, which includes gastrointestinal tract and digestive glands.

Carbohydrates are first hydrolyzed in the mouth, by the enzyme a-amylase (ptyalin), present in saliva. It cleaves starch into disaccharides. Further digestion is done by pancreatic amylase (performs the same cleavage as saliva a-amylase), lactase (cleaves lactose into galactose and glucose), maltase (cleaves maltose into maltose and glucose), and sucrose (cleaves sucrose into glucose and fructose).

Proteins are digested by proteases (protein cleaving enzymes). Protein digestion starts in the stomach, by pepsin. It breaks peptide linkage and produces polypeptides (polymers of amino acids). These polypeptides are further digested into amino acids in the small intestine by proteolytic enzymes trypsin, carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin, and proelastase.

Complete digestion of carbohydrates and proteins is done in the large intestine through the microbial activity. Symbiotic bacteria help in this digestion since no enzymes are secreted by the large intestine.

Conclusion

Digestion of carbohydrates and proteins are done with the help of different parts of the digestive system by different hydrolyzing enzymes.

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For short answer questions, write your answers on the line provided. To the right is the mRNA codon table to use as needed throughout the exam. First letter U บบบ U CA UUCPhe UUA UCU Phe UCC UUG Leu CUU UAU. G U UAC TV UGCys UAA Stop UGA Stop A UAG Stop UGG Trp Ser UCA UCG CCU] 0 CUC CUA CCC CAC CAU His CGU CGC Leu Pro CCA CAA Gin CGA Arg CUG CCG CAG CGG AUU ACU AAU T AUC lle A 1 ACC Thr AUA ACA AUG Mot ACG AGG Arg GUU GCU GUC GCC G Val Ala GAC Asp GGU GGC GUA GUG GCA GCG GAA GGA Gly Glu GAGJ GGG AACASH AGU Ser AAA1 AAG Lys GAU AGA CAL CALUCAO CAO G Third letter 1. (+7) Use the table below to answer the questions; use the codon table above to assist you. The promoter sequence of DNA is on the LEFT. You do not need to fill in the entire table. Assume we are in the middle of a gene sequence (no need to find a start codon). DNA 1 DNA 2 mRNA tRNA Polypeptide C Val G C. T A C a. On which strand of DNA is the template strand (DNA 1 or 2)?_ b. On which side of the mRNA is the 5' end (left or…

3. (6 pts) Fill in the boxes according to the directions on the right. Structure R-C R-COOH OH R-OH i R-CO-R' R R-PO4 R-CH3 C. 0 R' R-O-P-OH 1 OH H R-C-H R-N' I- H H R-NH₂ \H Name Properties

4. (6 pts) Use the molecule below to answer these questions and identify the side chains and ends. Please use tidy boxes to indicate parts and write the letter labels within that box. a. How many monomer subunits are shown? b. Box a Polar but non-ionizable side chain and label P c. Box a Basic Polar side chain and label BP d. Box the carboxyl group at the end of the polypeptide and label with letter C (C-terminus) H H OHHO H H 0 HHO H-N-CC-N-C-C N-C-C-N-GC-OH I H-C-H CH2 CH2 CH2 H3C-C+H CH2 CH2 OH CH CH₂ C=O OH CH2 NH2

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 25, Problem 1BYB

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

Digestion of carbohydrates and proteins by the digestive system.

Introduction:

Digestion of carbohydrates starts in the buccal cavity with the help of amylase enzyme. Further digestion occurs in the small intestines (by enzymes) and in the large intestine (by bacterial activity). Protein digestion occurs in the stomach and small intestine with the help of proteases, and in the large intestine (by bacterial activity).

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Carbohydrates and proteins are major components of food, along with fats. Digestion is defined as a process that converts the complex form of food into simple substances that can be absorbed by the cells. Digestion of food is performed by the digestive system, which includes gastrointestinal tract and digestive glands.

Carbohydrates are first hydrolyzed in the mouth, by the enzyme a-amylase (ptyalin), present in saliva. It cleaves starch into disaccharides. Further digestion is done by pancreatic amylase (performs the same cleavage as saliva a-amylase), lactase (cleaves lactose into galactose and glucose), maltase (cleaves maltose into maltose and glucose), and sucrose (cleaves sucrose into glucose and fructose).

Proteins are digested by proteases (protein cleaving enzymes). Protein digestion starts in the stomach, by pepsin. It breaks peptide linkage and produces polypeptides (polymers of amino acids). These polypeptides are further digested into amino acids in the small intestine by proteolytic enzymes trypsin, carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin, and proelastase.

Complete digestion of carbohydrates and proteins is done in the large intestine through the microbial activity. Symbiotic bacteria help in this digestion since no enzymes are secreted by the large intestine.

Conclusion

Digestion of carbohydrates and proteins are done with the help of different parts of the digestive system by different hydrolyzing enzymes.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 25, Problem 1BYB

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

Digestion of carbohydrates and proteins by the digestive system.

Introduction:

Digestion of carbohydrates starts in the buccal cavity with the help of amylase enzyme. Further digestion occurs in the small intestines (by enzymes) and in the large intestine (by bacterial activity). Protein digestion occurs in the stomach and small intestine with the help of proteases, and in the large intestine (by bacterial activity).

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Carbohydrates and proteins are major components of food, along with fats. Digestion is defined as a process that converts the complex form of food into simple substances that can be absorbed by the cells. Digestion of food is performed by the digestive system, which includes gastrointestinal tract and digestive glands.

Carbohydrates are first hydrolyzed in the mouth, by the enzyme a-amylase (ptyalin), present in saliva. It cleaves starch into disaccharides. Further digestion is done by pancreatic amylase (performs the same cleavage as saliva a-amylase), lactase (cleaves lactose into galactose and glucose), maltase (cleaves maltose into maltose and glucose), and sucrose (cleaves sucrose into glucose and fructose).

Proteins are digested by proteases (protein cleaving enzymes). Protein digestion starts in the stomach, by pepsin. It breaks peptide linkage and produces polypeptides (polymers of amino acids). These polypeptides are further digested into amino acids in the small intestine by proteolytic enzymes trypsin, carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin, and proelastase.

Complete digestion of carbohydrates and proteins is done in the large intestine through the microbial activity. Symbiotic bacteria help in this digestion since no enzymes are secreted by the large intestine.

Conclusion

Digestion of carbohydrates and proteins are done with the help of different parts of the digestive system by different hydrolyzing enzymes.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 25, Problem 1BYB

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

Digestion of carbohydrates and proteins by the digestive system.

Introduction:

Digestion of carbohydrates starts in the buccal cavity with the help of amylase enzyme. Further digestion occurs in the small intestines (by enzymes) and in the large intestine (by bacterial activity). Protein digestion occurs in the stomach and small intestine with the help of proteases, and in the large intestine (by bacterial activity).

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Carbohydrates and proteins are major components of food, along with fats. Digestion is defined as a process that converts the complex form of food into simple substances that can be absorbed by the cells. Digestion of food is performed by the digestive system, which includes gastrointestinal tract and digestive glands.

Carbohydrates are first hydrolyzed in the mouth, by the enzyme a-amylase (ptyalin), present in saliva. It cleaves starch into disaccharides. Further digestion is done by pancreatic amylase (performs the same cleavage as saliva a-amylase), lactase (cleaves lactose into galactose and glucose), maltase (cleaves maltose into maltose and glucose), and sucrose (cleaves sucrose into glucose and fructose).

Proteins are digested by proteases (protein cleaving enzymes). Protein digestion starts in the stomach, by pepsin. It breaks peptide linkage and produces polypeptides (polymers of amino acids). These polypeptides are further digested into amino acids in the small intestine by proteolytic enzymes trypsin, carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin, and proelastase.

Complete digestion of carbohydrates and proteins is done in the large intestine through the microbial activity. Symbiotic bacteria help in this digestion since no enzymes are secreted by the large intestine.

Conclusion

Digestion of carbohydrates and proteins are done with the help of different parts of the digestive system by different hydrolyzing enzymes.

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Answer 5

Chapter 25, Problem 1BYB

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

Digestion of carbohydrates and proteins by the digestive system.

Introduction:

Digestion of carbohydrates starts in the buccal cavity with the help of amylase enzyme. Further digestion occurs in the small intestines (by enzymes) and in the large intestine (by bacterial activity). Protein digestion occurs in the stomach and small intestine with the help of proteases, and in the large intestine (by bacterial activity).

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Carbohydrates and proteins are major components of food, along with fats. Digestion is defined as a process that converts the complex form of food into simple substances that can be absorbed by the cells. Digestion of food is performed by the digestive system, which includes gastrointestinal tract and digestive glands.

Carbohydrates are first hydrolyzed in the mouth, by the enzyme a-amylase (ptyalin), present in saliva. It cleaves starch into disaccharides. Further digestion is done by pancreatic amylase (performs the same cleavage as saliva a-amylase), lactase (cleaves lactose into galactose and glucose), maltase (cleaves maltose into maltose and glucose), and sucrose (cleaves sucrose into glucose and fructose).

Proteins are digested by proteases (protein cleaving enzymes). Protein digestion starts in the stomach, by pepsin. It breaks peptide linkage and produces polypeptides (polymers of amino acids). These polypeptides are further digested into amino acids in the small intestine by proteolytic enzymes trypsin, carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin, and proelastase.

Complete digestion of carbohydrates and proteins is done in the large intestine through the microbial activity. Symbiotic bacteria help in this digestion since no enzymes are secreted by the large intestine.

Conclusion

Digestion of carbohydrates and proteins are done with the help of different parts of the digestive system by different hydrolyzing enzymes.

Answer 6

Chapter 25, Problem 1BYB

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

Digestion of carbohydrates and proteins by the digestive system.

Introduction:

Digestion of carbohydrates starts in the buccal cavity with the help of amylase enzyme. Further digestion occurs in the small intestines (by enzymes) and in the large intestine (by bacterial activity). Protein digestion occurs in the stomach and small intestine with the help of proteases, and in the large intestine (by bacterial activity).

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Carbohydrates and proteins are major components of food, along with fats. Digestion is defined as a process that converts the complex form of food into simple substances that can be absorbed by the cells. Digestion of food is performed by the digestive system, which includes gastrointestinal tract and digestive glands.

Carbohydrates are first hydrolyzed in the mouth, by the enzyme a-amylase (ptyalin), present in saliva. It cleaves starch into disaccharides. Further digestion is done by pancreatic amylase (performs the same cleavage as saliva a-amylase), lactase (cleaves lactose into galactose and glucose), maltase (cleaves maltose into maltose and glucose), and sucrose (cleaves sucrose into glucose and fructose).

Proteins are digested by proteases (protein cleaving enzymes). Protein digestion starts in the stomach, by pepsin. It breaks peptide linkage and produces polypeptides (polymers of amino acids). These polypeptides are further digested into amino acids in the small intestine by proteolytic enzymes trypsin, carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin, and proelastase.

Complete digestion of carbohydrates and proteins is done in the large intestine through the microbial activity. Symbiotic bacteria help in this digestion since no enzymes are secreted by the large intestine.

Conclusion

Digestion of carbohydrates and proteins are done with the help of different parts of the digestive system by different hydrolyzing enzymes.

Answer 7

Chapter 25, Problem 1BYB

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

Digestion of carbohydrates and proteins by the digestive system.

Introduction:

Digestion of carbohydrates starts in the buccal cavity with the help of amylase enzyme. Further digestion occurs in the small intestines (by enzymes) and in the large intestine (by bacterial activity). Protein digestion occurs in the stomach and small intestine with the help of proteases, and in the large intestine (by bacterial activity).

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Carbohydrates and proteins are major components of food, along with fats. Digestion is defined as a process that converts the complex form of food into simple substances that can be absorbed by the cells. Digestion of food is performed by the digestive system, which includes gastrointestinal tract and digestive glands.

Carbohydrates are first hydrolyzed in the mouth, by the enzyme a-amylase (ptyalin), present in saliva. It cleaves starch into disaccharides. Further digestion is done by pancreatic amylase (performs the same cleavage as saliva a-amylase), lactase (cleaves lactose into galactose and glucose), maltase (cleaves maltose into maltose and glucose), and sucrose (cleaves sucrose into glucose and fructose).

Proteins are digested by proteases (protein cleaving enzymes). Protein digestion starts in the stomach, by pepsin. It breaks peptide linkage and produces polypeptides (polymers of amino acids). These polypeptides are further digested into amino acids in the small intestine by proteolytic enzymes trypsin, carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin, and proelastase.

Complete digestion of carbohydrates and proteins is done in the large intestine through the microbial activity. Symbiotic bacteria help in this digestion since no enzymes are secreted by the large intestine.