1st Edition

ISBN: 9781630181871

Author: OpenStax, Ima Lyubkinskaya, Gregg Wolfe Douglas, Ingram, Liza Puiji, Sudhi Oberoi Nathan, Czuba

Publisher: OpenStax College.

Concept explainers

Refraction is a change in the direction of light rays when they travel from one medium to another. It is the bending of light when it goes through different media.

Angle of Refraction

Light is considered by many scientists to have dual nature, both particle nature and wave nature. First, Particle nature is one in which we consider a stream of packets of energy called photons. Second, Wave nature is considering light as electromagnetic…

Index of Refraction of Diamond

Diamond, the world’s hardest naturally occurring material and mineral known, is a solid form of the element carbon. The atoms are arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. They exist in a huge variety of colours. Also, they are one of the bes…

Videos

Textbook Question

Chapter 25, Problem 18PE

Construct Your Own Problem

Consider sunlight entering the Earth’s atmosphere at sunrise and sunset−that is, at a 90° incident angle. Taking the boundary between nearly empty space and the atmosphere to be sudden, calculate the angle of refraction for sunlight. This lengthens the time the Sun appears to be above the horizon, both at sunrise and sunset. Now construct a problem in which you determine the angle of refraction (or different models 01 the atmosphere, such as various layers of varying density. Your instructor may wish to guide you on the level of complexity to consider and on how the index at retraction varies with air density.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Chapter 25, Problem 17PE

Chapter 25, Problem 19PE

Students have asked these similar questions

A cab driver heads south with a steady speed of v₁ = 20.0 m/s for t₁ = 3.00 min, then makes a right turn and travels at v₂ = 25.0 m/s for t₂ = 2.80 min, and then drives northwest at v3 = 30.0 m/s for t3 = 1.00 min. For this 6.80-min trip, calculate the following. Assume +x is in the eastward direction. (a) total vector displacement (Enter the magnitude in m and the direction in degrees south of west.) magnitude direction For each straight-line movement, model the car as a particle under constant velocity, and draw a diagram of the displacements, labeling the distances and angles. Let the starting point be the origin of your coordinate system. Use the relationship speed = distance/time to find the distances traveled during each segment. Write the displacement vector, and calculate its magnitude and direction. Don't forget to convert min to s! m Model the car as a particle under constant velocity, and draw a diagram of the displacements, labeling the distances and angles. Let the…

î A proton is projected in the positive x direction into a region of uniform electric field E = (-5.50 x 105) i N/C at t = 0. The proton travels 7.20 cm as it comes to rest. (a) Determine the acceleration of the proton. magnitude 5.27e13 direction -X m/s² (b) Determine the initial speed of the proton. 8.71e-6 magnitude The electric field is constant, so the force is constant, which means the acceleration will be constant. m/s direction +X (c) Determine the time interval over which the proton comes to rest. 1.65e-7 Review you equations for constant accelerated motion. s

Three charged particles are at the corners of an equilateral triangle as shown in the figure below. (Let q = 2.00 μC, and L = 0.750 m.) y 7.00 με 60.0° L 9 -4.00 μC x (a) Calculate the electric field at the position of charge q due to the 7.00-μC and -4.00-μC charges. 112 Once you calculate the magnitude of the field contribution from each charge you need to add these as vectors. KN/CI + 64 × Think carefully about the direction of the field due to the 7.00-μC charge. KN/Cĵ (b) Use your answer to part (a) to determine the force on charge q. 240.0 If you know the electric field at a particular point, how do you find the force that acts on a charge at that point? mN Î + 194.0 × If you know the electric field at a particular point, how do you find the force that acts on a charge at that point? mN

Chapter 25 Solutions

College Physics for AP Courses

Ch. 25 - Using the law of reflection, explain how powder...Ch. 25 - Diffusion by reflection from a rough surface is...Ch. 25 - Why is the index of refraction always greater than...Ch. 25 - Does the fact that the light flash from lightning...Ch. 25 - Will light change direction toward or away from...Ch. 25 - Explain why an object in water always appears to...Ch. 25 - Explain why a person’s legs appeal very short when...Ch. 25 - Why is the front surface of a thermometer curved...Ch. 25 - Suppose light were incident from air onto a...Ch. 25 - A ring with a colorless gemstone is dropped into...

Ch. 25 - A high-quality diamond may be quite clear and...Ch. 25 - Is it possible that total internal reflection...Ch. 25 - The most common type at mirage is an illusion that...Ch. 25 - It can he argued that a flat piece of glass, such...Ch. 25 - You can often see a reflection when looking at a...Ch. 25 - When you focus a camera, you adjust the distance...Ch. 25 - A thin lens has two focal points, one on either...Ch. 25 - Will the focal length of a lens change when it is...Ch. 25 - What are the differences between teal and virtual...Ch. 25 - Can you see a virtual image? Can you photograph...Ch. 25 - Is it necessary to project a real image onto a...Ch. 25 - At what distance is an image always locatedat do,...Ch. 25 - Under what circumstances will an image be located...Ch. 25 - What is meant by a negative magnification? What is...Ch. 25 - Can a case 1 image be larger than the object even...Ch. 25 - Figure 25.49 shows a light bulb between two...Ch. 25 - Devise an arrangement of mirrors allowing you to...Ch. 25 - If you wish to see your entire body in a flat...Ch. 25 - It can be argued than a flat mirror has an in?nite...Ch. 25 - Why are diverging mirrors often used for rear-view...Ch. 25 - Suppose a man stands in front of a mirror as shown...Ch. 25 - Show that when light reflects from two mirrors...Ch. 25 - Light shows staged with lasers use moving mirrors...Ch. 25 - A flat minor is neither converging nor diverging....Ch. 25 - What is the speed of light in water? In glycerine?Ch. 25 - What is the speed of light in air? In crown glass?Ch. 25 - Calculate the index of refraction for a medium in...Ch. 25 - In what substance in Table 25.1 is the speed of...Ch. 25 - There was a major collision of an asteroid with...Ch. 25 - A scuba diver training in a pool looks at his...Ch. 25 - Components of some computers communicate with each...Ch. 25 - (a) Using information in Figure 25.53, find the...Ch. 25 - Suppose you have an unknown clear substance...Ch. 25 - On the Moon’s surface, lunar astronauts placed a...Ch. 25 - Suppose Figure 25.54 represents a ray of light...Ch. 25 - Figure 25.54 shows a ray of light passing from one...Ch. 25 - Unreasonable Results Suppose light travels from...Ch. 25 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider sunlight...Ch. 25 - Unreasonable Results Light traveling from water to...Ch. 25 - Verify that the critical angle for light going...Ch. 25 - (a) At the end of Example 25.4, it was stated that...Ch. 25 - An optical fiber uses flint glass clad with crown...Ch. 25 - At what minimum angle will you get total internal...Ch. 25 - Suppose you are using total internal reflection to...Ch. 25 - You can determine me index of refraction of a...Ch. 25 - A ray of light, emitted beneath the surface of an...Ch. 25 - A light ray entering an optical fiber surrounded...Ch. 25 - (a) What is me ratio of the speed of red light to...Ch. 25 - A beam of white light goes from air into water at...Ch. 25 - By how much do the critical angles for red (660...Ch. 25 - (a) A narrow beam of light containing yellow (580...Ch. 25 - A parallel beam of light containing orange (610...Ch. 25 - A ray of 610 nm light goes from air into fused...Ch. 25 - A narrow beam of light containing red (660 nm) and...Ch. 25 - A narrow beam of white light enters a prism made...Ch. 25 - What is the power in diopters at a camera lens...Ch. 25 - Your camera's zoom lens has an adjustable focal...Ch. 25 - What is the focal length of 1.75 D reading glasses...Ch. 25 - You note that your prescription for new eyeglasses...Ch. 25 - How far from the lens must the film in a camera...Ch. 25 - A certain slide projector has a 100 mm focal...Ch. 25 - A doctor examines a mole with a 15.0 cm focal...Ch. 25 - How far from a piece of paper must you hold your...Ch. 25 - A camera with a 50.0 mm focal length lens is being...Ch. 25 - A camera lens used for taking close-up photographs...Ch. 25 - Suppose your 50.00 mm local length camera lens is...Ch. 25 - (a) What is the focal length of a magnifying glass...Ch. 25 - What magnification will be produced by a lens of...Ch. 25 - In Example 25.7, the magnification of a book held...Ch. 25 - Suppose a 200 mm focal length telephoto lens is...Ch. 25 - A camera with a 100 mm focal length lens is used...Ch. 25 - Combine thin lens equations to show that the...Ch. 25 - What is the focal length of a makeup mirror that...Ch. 25 - Some telephoto cameras use a mirror rather than a...Ch. 25 - (a) Calculate the focal length of the mirror...Ch. 25 - Find the magnification of the heater element in...Ch. 25 - What is the focal length of a makeup mirror that...Ch. 25 - A shopper standing 3.00 m from a convex security...Ch. 25 - An object 1.50 cm high is held 3.00 cm from a...Ch. 25 - Ray tracing for a flat mirror shows that the image...Ch. 25 - Show that for a flat mirror hi= ho, knowing that...Ch. 25 - Use the law of reflection to prove that the focal...Ch. 25 - Referring to the electric room heater considered...Ch. 25 - Consider a 250-W heat lamp fixed to the ceiling in...

Additional Science Textbook Solutions

Find more solutions based on key concepts

1. If an object is not moving, does that mean that there are no forces acting on it? Explain.

College Physics: A Strategic Approach (3rd Edition)

5. When the phenotype of heterozygotes is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes, this patt...

Biology: Life on Earth (11th Edition)

If someone at the other end of a room smokes a cigarette, you may breathe in some smoke. The movement of smoke ...

Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (5th Edition)

Fill in the blanks: The nose is to the mouth. The ankle is to the knee. The ring finger is to the inde...

Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)

Fibrous connective tissue consists of ground substance and fibers that provide strength, support, and flexibili...

Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)

41. Humans vary in many ways from one another. Among many minor phenotypic differences are the following five i...

Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.