Economics (MindTap Course List)
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781337617383
Author: Roger A. Arnold
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 25, Problem 10QP
To determine
Explain the reasonable restraint of trade and the contract is reasonable restraint of trade or unreasonable restraint of trade.
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Students have asked these similar questions
The courts have ruled that it is a reasonable restraint of trade (and therefore permissible) for the owner of a business to
sell his business and sign a contract with the new owner saying he will not compete with her within a vicinity of, say, 100
miles, for a period of, say, 5 years. If this is a reasonable restraint of trade, can you give an example of what you would
consider an unreasonable restraint of trade? Explain how you decide what is a reasonable restraint of trade and what isn'
t. Site examples from your textbook and from your own experience.
Under which circumstances is patent protection most necessary?
Where information about technological improvements disseminates slowly
Where information about technological improvements disseminates rapidly
In a market with few sellers
Where the cost of research and development is very low
Suppose that the demand for good x is given by : P=100-8q
Marginal cost of production is given by : P=10+2q
MR is given by 100-16q
What will the equilibrium quantity and price be in a competivite market?
Calculate consumer, producer and total surplus.
If we contrast this market to one in which good x is produced by a monopoly, what will be the quantity produced and the price each unit will be sold as?
Calculate consumer, producer and total surplus.
What will be the loss in total surplus due to a monopolist?
Chapter 25 Solutions
Economics (MindTap Course List)
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- Suppose regulators are deciding how the local electric company is allowed to set prices. Demand for electricity is given by P = 40-Q, where Q is millions of megawatt hours demanded annually. The electric company is allowed to operate as a monopoly. The marginal cost of the company is $2, while the fixed cost is $150 million annually. (a) If the price of the electric company was not regulated, what price would it set? What would be its profits and the deadweight loss? (b) Knowing the fixed cost, demand curve, and marginal cost of the utility, the regulator decides to set a linear price that allows the electric utility to break even. What is this price? What would be the deadweight loss? (c) Suppose that demand for electricity varies over the course of the day and is most inelastic in the middle of the day. Illustrate how the regulator could use this information to improve on the outcome in (b)? Would there be any challenges that would prevent regulators from using the prices you…arrow_forwardWe have learned the definition of monopoly as a market with one seller. Let's take some time to understand what that means, and how it can come about. What are some of the reasons that a market could be a monopoly? What is giving the monopolist their exclusive position in the market? Everyone should discuss a few reasons and/or examples of how a monopoly can come into existence. Typically the model of Monopoly predicts that all customers are charged the same price and that the monopolist selects the quantity and price combination from the market demand curve that maximizes profit. However, there are times where a monopolist may at least attempt to charge different prices for the exact same product depending on each consumer's willingness and ability to pay. In this case the monopolist might offer the product at a lower price to those who would otherwise not buy it, thus increasing quantity consumed in the market and reducing some of what is called the dead weight loss of monopoly.…arrow_forwardThe government has announced its plans to license two firms to serve a market whose demand curve is given by P= 72-1Q The technology is such that each can produce any given level of output at zero cost, but once each firm's output is chosen, it cannot be altered. Instructions: Round your answers to the nearest penny (2 decimal places). a. What is the most you would be willing to pay for one of these licenses if you knew you would be able to choose your level of output first (assuming your choice was observable by the rival firm)? Skipped b. How much would your ival be willing to pay for the right to choose second?arrow_forward
- The following table shows the maximum amount five potential car buyers are willing to pay for each level of sales. Suppose that the cars are being sold by a car dealer operating as a monopoly (perhaps because there are no other car dealers in the market). Maximum Amount He or She Would Pay for the Car Buyer 1 $40,000 Buyer 2 $35,000 Buyer 3 $30,000 Buyer 4 $25,000 Buyer 5 $20,000 a) If the price of the car is $30,000, the revenue will be $............thousand.b) If the marginal cost of each car is $20,000. The monopolistic car dealer will want to sell 3 cars and the price will be $................. thousand.c) In a perfectly competitive market, the number of cars sold would be 5 cars. Note:- Do not provide handwritten solution. Maintain accuracy and quality in your answer. Take care of plagiarism. Answer completely. You will get up vote for sure.arrow_forwardThe graph depicts the market for cable where there is one natural monopoly; AC represents average (total) cost, D represents market demand, and MR represents marginal revenue. Assume that the marginal cost is equal to 0. Suppose that before the cable company lays any cable, the government decides to regulate the monopoly by setting the price. What is the lowest price that regulators can impose while ensuring that the cable company enters the market? 2 What will a monopolist charge in the absence of any regulation? 4 Price $10 9 8 7 6 5 4- 3- تیا 2 1 0 1 AC 2 MR نیا D 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Households (in millions)arrow_forwardSuppose a cable company provides cable service to a small town. The total revenue, marginal revenue, total cost, and marginal cost of providing various quantities of cable subscriptions (units in thousands per month) are presented in the table below. Quantity 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Price 202 200 198 196 194 192 190 Total Revenue $0 200 396 588 776 960 1140 Assume the local cable company is a monopoly. To maximize profits, the monopoly should produce At that level of output, the cable company will earn economic profits of $ (thousand per month). Marginal Revenue 200 196 192 188 184 180 Total Cost 0 180 270 330 420 660 960 Marginal Cost 180 90 60 90 240 300 (thousand) units. (Enter a numeric response using an integer.)arrow_forward
- Show that if Pete increases production by 100 utensils he will earn more profit, assuming that Pat sticks with the quantity you found above, which is half of what would be produced if the industry were controlled by a monopoly. Next, calculate what profit each would make if Pat also cheats by producing 100 more utensils. Assuming that they both calculate that the other will "cheat" and produce at this higher amount, would either have an incentive to further overproduce? What would happen to either seller's profit by producing another 100 more units? If cheating beyond this point will drive down one's own profit, and thus is not in anyone's interest, could this point be called a "Nash" equilibrium?arrow_forwardExhibit 12.4 The Market Demand Curve for Claritin Price $8 With patent protection from the government, the demand curve that Schering-Plough faces for its sales of Claritin is the entire market. For example, if Schering-Plough chose a price of $4, then it would be able to sell 400 million units, but the demand curve shows that if it chose a price of $6 or higher, it wouldn't sell any Claritin, despite having a monopoly. 7 4 3 2 DClaritin 1 Let's assume/lestimate: What would the market 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 price and the quantity be under perfect competition? Demand: p=7-x/150 Quantity (in millions of pills) Cost = 1*x %3D And what for the Marginal Cost c'=1 monopoly?arrow_forwardAccording to the Federal Trade Commission, “Many mergers benefit competition and consumers by allowing firms to operate more efficiently. But some mergers change market dynamics in ways that can lead to higher prices, fewer or lower-quality goods or services, or less innovation.” Antitrust laws often allow the former pro-competitive types of mergers, but prohibit the latter anti-competitive types. Suppose that one looks over the historical record of antitrust enforcement and finds that while the authorities have permitted some mergers and blocked others, the industry’s average price has tended to fall whenever a merger has been permitted and occurred. a) Based solely on the information provided above, is it correct then to infer that the antitrust authorities should have been more lenient and permitted more mergers? Why or why not? b) Based solely on the information in the question, is it likely that these merged firms sell products that are substitutes or complements? Whyarrow_forward
- Can you think of good examples of a monopoly market environment?arrow_forwardA patent effectively allows a firm to operate as a monopoly while the patent is in effect. Some people argue that the market power created by patents harms consumers and shouldn't be granted. Others argue that patents are needed to encourage research and innovation. You can read the article from Forbes to learn more about the history and policy surrounding patents. Classify the arguments below as either arguments for patents or arguments against patents. Arguments For Patents Arguments Against Patents Answer Bank prevents free-riding encourages higher prices for consumers prevents competition in the market research results in a positive externality for society leads to an ineffient level of productionarrow_forwardHow antitrust policy and industrial organization is related?arrow_forward
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