(a)
Interpretation:
The structure of D-gluconic acid should be drawn
Concept introduction:
The Fischer projection: Fischer projection is a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional organic molecule by projection. It is mainly proposed for the representation of carbohydrate chemistry.
The orientation of the carbon atoms in a molecule is arranged vertically from top to bottom.
The C1 carbon is at the top of the orientation, the hydrogen and hydroxyl groups are placed in right and left side of the orientation. D and L form are depends on the arrangement of the hydroxyl group. If the hydroxyl group is in the right side of the molecule in the penultimate (next-to-last) carbon is called as D sugar, if the If the hydroxyl group is in the left side of the molecule in the penultimate (next-to-last) carbon is called as L sugar.
To find: The structure of D-gluconic acid.
(b)
Interpretation:
The structure of lactone should be drawn and the configuration at eachchirality center identified.
Concept introduction:
The Haworth projection: A Haworth projection is a three-dimensional representation of monosaccharides and the structural formula is inscription as a cyclic structures.
In Haworth projection, oxygen atom is placed in back right corner,
To find: The structure of lactone.
(c)
Interpretation:
The Optical activity of lactone should be identified.
Concept introduction:
Optical activity: molecule or substances that can rotate the plane-polarized light are said to be optically active.
To find: Optically activity of lactone.
(d)
Interpretation:
Difference between the D-gluconic acid and the lactone using IR Spectroscopy should be explained
Concept introduction:
Infra-red (IR) spectroscopy: Infra-red (IR) spectroscopy deals with the interaction between a molecule and radiation from the IR region of the
To find: Difference between the D-gluconic acid and the lactone using IR Spectroscopy.
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Chapter 24 Solutions
KLEIN'S ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Understanding the general acid-base properties of amino acids O Proteins Imagine each of the molecules shown below was found in an aqueous solution. Can you tell whether the solution is acidic, basic, or neutral? molecule The solution is... 010 H3N-CH-C-OH CH HO CH3 O acidic O basic neutral O (unknown) H3N HO 0 O acidic O basic neutral ○ (unknown) H3N-CH-C-O CH2 CH3-CH-CH3 O acidic O basic Oneutral ○ (unknown) O= X H2N-CH-C-O CH3 CH CH3 acidic O basic O neutral ○ (unknown) ? 000arrow_forwardImagine each of the molecules shown below was found in an aqueous solution. Can you tell whether the solution is acidic, basic, or neutral? molecule 0=0 H3N-CH-C-o HO CH2 OH The solution is... O acidic O basic O neutral O (unknown) H₂N acidic O basic O neutral ○ (unknown) + H3N O OH O acidic O basic O neutral O (unknown) H2N-CH-C-O CH3 O acidic O basic neutral ○ (unknown) X ? olo HEarrow_forwardRecognizing ampli Draw an a amino acid with a methyl (-CH3) side chain. Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure. X Carrow_forward
- Write the systematic name of each organic molecule: structure name × HO OH ☐ OH CI CI O CI OH OHarrow_forwardく Check the box under each a amino acid. If there are no a amino acids at all, check the "none of them" box under the table. Note for advanced students: don't assume every amino acid shown must be found in nature. COO H3N-C-H CH2 HO CH3 NH3 O CH3-CH CH2 OH Onone of them Explanation Check + H3N O 0. O OH + NH3 CH2 CH3-CH H2N C-COOH H O HIC + C=O H3N-C-O CH3- - CH CH2 OH Х 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center Accesarrow_forwardWrite the systematic name of each organic molecule: structure HO-C-CH2-CH3 O -OH CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-C-OH CH3 CH3-CH-CH2-C-OH Explanation Check S namearrow_forward
- theres 2 productsarrow_forwardDraw the major product of this solvolysis reaction. Ignore any inorganic byproducts. + CH3CH2OH Drawing Q Atoms, Bonds and Rings OCH2CH3 || OEt Charges OH 00-> | Undo Reset | Br Remove Done Drag To Pan +arrow_forwardDraw the major product of this SN1 reaction. Ignore any inorganic byproducts. CH3CO2Na CH3CO2H Drawing + Br Q Atoms, Bonds and Rings OAC Charges OH ОАс Na ဂ Br Undo Reset Remove Done Drag To Pan +arrow_forward
- Organic Functional Groups entifying positions labeled with Greek letters in acids and derivatives 1/5 ssible, replace an H atom on the a carbon of the molecule in the drawing area with a ce an H atom on the ẞ carbon with a hydroxyl group substituent. ne of the substituents can't be added for any reason, just don't add it. If neither substi er the drawing area. O H OH Oneither substituent can be added. Check D 1 Accessibility ado na witharrow_forwardDifferentiate between electrophilic and nucleophilic groups. Give examples.arrow_forwardAn aldehyde/ketone plus an alcohol gives a hemiacetal, and an excess of alcohol gives an acetal. The reaction is an equilibrium; in aldehydes, it's shifted to the right and in ketones, to the left. Explain.arrow_forward
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