Chapter 24, Problem 24.17EX

(a)

To determine

Profit margin: This ratio gauges the operating profitability by quantifying the amount of income earned from business operations from the sales generated.

Formula of profit margin:

$\text{Profit margin}=\frac{\text{Income from operations}}{\text{Sales}}$

Investment turnover: This ratio gauges the operating efficiency by quantifying the amount of sales generated from the assets invested.

Formula of investment turnover:

$\text{Investment turnover}=\frac{\text{Sales}}{\text{Invested assets}}$

Return on investment (ROI): This financial ratio evaluates how efficiently the assets are used in earning income from operations. So, ROI is a tool used to measure and compare the performance of a units or divisions or a companies.

Formula of ROI according to Dupont formula:

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Return on investment = Profit margin × Investment turnover}\\ \text{=}\frac{\text{Income from operations}}{\text{Sales}}\times \frac{\text{Sales}}{\text{Invested assets}}\\ \text{=}\frac{\text{Income from operations}}{\text{Invested assets}}\end{array}$

Residual income: The remaining income from operations after deducting the desired acceptable income is referred to as residual income.

Formula of residual income:

Income from operations	XXX
Less minimum acceptable income from operations as a percent of invested assets	XXX
Residual income	XXX

Table (1)

Return on investment of HO and VO Divisions, using Dupont formula

(b)

To determine

Residual income of for HO and VO division

(c)

To determine

To interpret: The working of HO and VO Divisions