Which of the following steps has not yet been accomplished by scientists studying the origin of life? A. synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes B. abiotic synthesis of polypeptides C. formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membranes D. formation of protocells that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids

Question

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 24, Problem 1TYU

Which of the following steps has not yet been accomplished by scientists studying the origin of life?

A. synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes
B. abiotic synthesis of polypeptides
C. formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membranes
D. formation of protocells that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

In studying the evolution of life, scientists have accomplished a lot. For example: From creating the early earth atmosphere in “The Stanley Miller experiment” for reconstructing the “Structure of early human ancestors”.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

Science today has advanced a lot. Polypeptides, selectively permeable membranes RNA from ribozymes have been synthesized in-vitro. Therefore, option (D) is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct statement:

A protocell or a protobiont was the first cell and the precursor of prokaryotes. It is made from inorganic components and bound by a lipid membrane. Scientists have not yet been able to synthesize a protocell that uses DNA for protein synthesis in the lab.

Option (D) is given as “formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids”.

“The formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids has not yet been accomplished by scientists studying the origin of life”, it is the right answer.

Hence, the option (D) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (A) is given as “synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes”.

This has been accomplished by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (B) is given as “abiotic synthesis of polypeptides”.

The abiotic synthesis of polypeptides has been done in-vitro by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane”.

This formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane too has been accomplished. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (A), (B) and (C) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the study of origin of life, scientists have accomplished a lot but the artificial synthesis of a protocell that uses DNA for polymerization of amino acids is yet to be accomplished.

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Students have asked these similar questions

Which of the following is evidence that eukaryotes and prokaryotes share a common ancestor? a.All eukaryotes and prokaryotes use organic molecules as an energy source. b.All eukaryotes and prokaryotes are capable of mitosis. c.All eukaryotes and prokaryotes contain ribosomes. d.All eukaryotes and prokaryotes contain linear DNA.

Analyses of genomes have allowed researchers to determine that some cells have very small genomes. If you were asked to predict which organisms are likely to have smaller genomes than others, which option below would be MOST likely? A. Bacteria that live in plant hosts are likely to have smaller genomes than those that live in animal hosts as it takes a smaller variety of metabolic processes to survive in an animal host. B. Although less is known about Archaea than about Bacteria as fewer species have been studied, it is likely that Archaea have smaller genomes on average than Bacteria as they have fewer metabolic needs. C. Bacteria that are endosymbionts, living within a host, can survive with smaller genomes than free-living Bacteria because they can rely on their host for many of their needs. D. Protists generally have had smaller genomes than Bacteria because Bacteria have such large amounts of noncoding DNA.

In which of the following ways are bacterial cells similar to human cells? a. Bacterial cells have cell walls. b. Bacterial cells have a single, circular chromosome. c. Bacterial cells use ATP to fuel cellular activities. d. Bacterial cells lack mitochondria.

Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 24, Problem 1TYU

Which of the following steps has not yet been accomplished by scientists studying the origin of life?

A. synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes
B. abiotic synthesis of polypeptides
C. formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membranes
D. formation of protocells that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

In studying the evolution of life, scientists have accomplished a lot. For example: From creating the early earth atmosphere in “The Stanley Miller experiment” for reconstructing the “Structure of early human ancestors”.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

Science today has advanced a lot. Polypeptides, selectively permeable membranes RNA from ribozymes have been synthesized in-vitro. Therefore, option (D) is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct statement:

A protocell or a protobiont was the first cell and the precursor of prokaryotes. It is made from inorganic components and bound by a lipid membrane. Scientists have not yet been able to synthesize a protocell that uses DNA for protein synthesis in the lab.

Option (D) is given as “formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids”.

“The formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids has not yet been accomplished by scientists studying the origin of life”, it is the right answer.

Hence, the option (D) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (A) is given as “synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes”.

This has been accomplished by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (B) is given as “abiotic synthesis of polypeptides”.

The abiotic synthesis of polypeptides has been done in-vitro by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane”.

This formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane too has been accomplished. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (A), (B) and (C) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the study of origin of life, scientists have accomplished a lot but the artificial synthesis of a protocell that uses DNA for polymerization of amino acids is yet to be accomplished.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 24, Problem 1TYU

Which of the following steps has not yet been accomplished by scientists studying the origin of life?

A. synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes
B. abiotic synthesis of polypeptides
C. formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membranes
D. formation of protocells that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

In studying the evolution of life, scientists have accomplished a lot. For example: From creating the early earth atmosphere in “The Stanley Miller experiment” for reconstructing the “Structure of early human ancestors”.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

Science today has advanced a lot. Polypeptides, selectively permeable membranes RNA from ribozymes have been synthesized in-vitro. Therefore, option (D) is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct statement:

A protocell or a protobiont was the first cell and the precursor of prokaryotes. It is made from inorganic components and bound by a lipid membrane. Scientists have not yet been able to synthesize a protocell that uses DNA for protein synthesis in the lab.

Option (D) is given as “formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids”.

“The formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids has not yet been accomplished by scientists studying the origin of life”, it is the right answer.

Hence, the option (D) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (A) is given as “synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes”.

This has been accomplished by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (B) is given as “abiotic synthesis of polypeptides”.

The abiotic synthesis of polypeptides has been done in-vitro by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane”.

This formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane too has been accomplished. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (A), (B) and (C) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the study of origin of life, scientists have accomplished a lot but the artificial synthesis of a protocell that uses DNA for polymerization of amino acids is yet to be accomplished.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 24, Problem 1TYU

Which of the following steps has not yet been accomplished by scientists studying the origin of life?

A. synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes
B. abiotic synthesis of polypeptides
C. formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membranes
D. formation of protocells that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

In studying the evolution of life, scientists have accomplished a lot. For example: From creating the early earth atmosphere in “The Stanley Miller experiment” for reconstructing the “Structure of early human ancestors”.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

Science today has advanced a lot. Polypeptides, selectively permeable membranes RNA from ribozymes have been synthesized in-vitro. Therefore, option (D) is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct statement:

A protocell or a protobiont was the first cell and the precursor of prokaryotes. It is made from inorganic components and bound by a lipid membrane. Scientists have not yet been able to synthesize a protocell that uses DNA for protein synthesis in the lab.

Option (D) is given as “formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids”.

“The formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids has not yet been accomplished by scientists studying the origin of life”, it is the right answer.

Hence, the option (D) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (A) is given as “synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes”.

This has been accomplished by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (B) is given as “abiotic synthesis of polypeptides”.

The abiotic synthesis of polypeptides has been done in-vitro by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane”.

This formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane too has been accomplished. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (A), (B) and (C) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the study of origin of life, scientists have accomplished a lot but the artificial synthesis of a protocell that uses DNA for polymerization of amino acids is yet to be accomplished.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

In studying the evolution of life, scientists have accomplished a lot. For example: From creating the early earth atmosphere in “The Stanley Miller experiment” for reconstructing the “Structure of early human ancestors”.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

Science today has advanced a lot. Polypeptides, selectively permeable membranes RNA from ribozymes have been synthesized in-vitro. Therefore, option (D) is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct statement:

A protocell or a protobiont was the first cell and the precursor of prokaryotes. It is made from inorganic components and bound by a lipid membrane. Scientists have not yet been able to synthesize a protocell that uses DNA for protein synthesis in the lab.

Option (D) is given as “formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids”.

“The formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids has not yet been accomplished by scientists studying the origin of life”, it is the right answer.

Hence, the option (D) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (A) is given as “synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes”.

This has been accomplished by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (B) is given as “abiotic synthesis of polypeptides”.

The abiotic synthesis of polypeptides has been done in-vitro by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane”.

This formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane too has been accomplished. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (A), (B) and (C) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the study of origin of life, scientists have accomplished a lot but the artificial synthesis of a protocell that uses DNA for polymerization of amino acids is yet to be accomplished.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

In studying the evolution of life, scientists have accomplished a lot. For example: From creating the early earth atmosphere in “The Stanley Miller experiment” for reconstructing the “Structure of early human ancestors”.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

Science today has advanced a lot. Polypeptides, selectively permeable membranes RNA from ribozymes have been synthesized in-vitro. Therefore, option (D) is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct statement:

A protocell or a protobiont was the first cell and the precursor of prokaryotes. It is made from inorganic components and bound by a lipid membrane. Scientists have not yet been able to synthesize a protocell that uses DNA for protein synthesis in the lab.

Option (D) is given as “formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids”.

“The formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids has not yet been accomplished by scientists studying the origin of life”, it is the right answer.

Hence, the option (D) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (A) is given as “synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes”.

This has been accomplished by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (B) is given as “abiotic synthesis of polypeptides”.

The abiotic synthesis of polypeptides has been done in-vitro by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane”.

This formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane too has been accomplished. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (A), (B) and (C) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the study of origin of life, scientists have accomplished a lot but the artificial synthesis of a protocell that uses DNA for polymerization of amino acids is yet to be accomplished.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

In studying the evolution of life, scientists have accomplished a lot. For example: From creating the early earth atmosphere in “The Stanley Miller experiment” for reconstructing the “Structure of early human ancestors”.

Answer 12

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

Science today has advanced a lot. Polypeptides, selectively permeable membranes RNA from ribozymes have been synthesized in-vitro. Therefore, option (D) is correct.

Answer 13

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct statement:

A protocell or a protobiont was the first cell and the precursor of prokaryotes. It is made from inorganic components and bound by a lipid membrane. Scientists have not yet been able to synthesize a protocell that uses DNA for protein synthesis in the lab.

Option (D) is given as “formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids”.

“The formation of protocells that that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids has not yet been accomplished by scientists studying the origin of life”, it is the right answer.

Hence, the option (D) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (A) is given as “synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes”.

This has been accomplished by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (B) is given as “abiotic synthesis of polypeptides”.

The abiotic synthesis of polypeptides has been done in-vitro by the scientists. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane”.

This formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membrane too has been accomplished. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (A), (B) and (C) are incorrect.

Answer 14

Conclusion

In the study of origin of life, scientists have accomplished a lot but the artificial synthesis of a protocell that uses DNA for polymerization of amino acids is yet to be accomplished.

Answer 15

Ch. 24.1 - What hypothesis did Miller test in his classic...Ch. 24.1 - How would the appearance of protocells have...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 4CC Ch. 24.2 - Contrast the cellular and DNA structures of...Ch. 24.2 - Distinguish between the four major modes of...Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 4CC Ch. 24.3 - Although rare on a per gene basis, new mutations...Ch. 24.3 - Distinguish between the three mechanisms by which...

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Answer to Problem 1TYU

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