Math in Our World
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780073519678
Author: David Sobecki Professor, Allan G. Bluman
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2.4, Problem 11E
Two hundred patients suffering from depression enrolled in a clinical trial to test the effects of various antidepressants. Zoloft was given to 27% of patients, Lexapro was given to 30%, and Prozac was given to 27%. Thirteen percent were treated with at least Zoloft and Lexapro, 11.5% were given at least Lexapro and Prozac, 7% were given at least Zoloft and Prozac, and 4% were treated with all three drugs.
- (a) How many patients in the trial were given at most two of the three drugs?
- (b) How many patients were treated with Zoloft and Prozac but not Lexapro?
- (c) How many patients were given a placebo containing none of the three drugs?
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Math in Our World
Ch. 2.1 - Write the set of months that end with the letter...Ch. 2.1 - Write each set, using the roster method. (a) The...Ch. 2.1 - Decide whether each statement is true or false....Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 4TTOCh. 2.1 - Use set-builder notation to designate each set,...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 6TTOCh. 2.1 - Using the roster method, write the set of odd...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 8TTOCh. 2.1 - Find the cardinal number of each set. (a) A = {z,...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 10TTO
Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 11TTOCh. 2.1 - Show that the sets {North, South, East, West} and...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 1ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 2ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 3ECh. 2.1 - List and describe three ways to write sets.Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 5ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 6ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 7ECh. 2.1 - Define the empty set and give two examples of an...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 9ECh. 2.1 - For Exercises 922. write each set using the roster...Ch. 2.1 - For Exercises 922. write each set using the roster...Ch. 2.1 - For Exercises 922, write each set using the roster...Ch. 2.1 - For Exercises 922. write each set using the roster...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 14ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 15ECh. 2.1 - For Exercises 922. write each set using the roster...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 17ECh. 2.1 - For Exercises 922. write each set using the roster...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 19ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 20ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 21ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 22ECh. 2.1 - For Exercises 2328, decide if the statement is...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 24ECh. 2.1 - For Exercises 2328, decide if the statement is...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 26ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 27ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 28ECh. 2.1 - For Exercises 2936, write each set, using the...Ch. 2.1 - For Exercises 2936, write each set, using the...Ch. 2.1 - For Exercises 2936, write each set, using the...Ch. 2.1 - For Exercises 2936, write each set, using the...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 33ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 34ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 35ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 36ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 37ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 38ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 39ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 40ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 41ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 42ECh. 2.1 - For Exercises 4348, list the elements in each set....Ch. 2.1 - For Exercises 4348, list the elements in each set....Ch. 2.1 - For Exercises 4348, list the elements in each set....Ch. 2.1 - For Exercises 4348, list the elements in each set....Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 47ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 48ECh. 2.1 - For Exercises 4954, state whether each collection...Ch. 2.1 - For Exercises 4954, state whether each collection...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 51ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 52ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 53ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 54ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 55ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 56ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 57ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 58ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 59ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 60ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 61ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 62ECh. 2.1 - For Exercises 6168, state whether each set is...Ch. 2.1 - For Exercises 6168, state whether each set is...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 65ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 66ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 67ECh. 2.1 - For Exercises 6168, state whether each set is...Ch. 2.1 - For Exercises 6974, state whether each pair of...Ch. 2.1 - For Exercises 6974, state whether each pair of...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 71ECh. 2.1 - For Exercises 6974, state whether each pair of...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 73ECh. 2.1 - For Exercises 6974, state whether each pair of...Ch. 2.1 - For Exercises 7578, show that each pair of sets is...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 76ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 77ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 78ECh. 2.1 - For Exercises 7986, find the cardinal number for...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 80ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 81ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 82ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 83ECh. 2.1 - For Exercises 7986, find the cardinal number for...Ch. 2.1 - For Exercises 7986, find the cardinal number for...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 86ECh. 2.1 - For Exercises 8792, determine whether each...Ch. 2.1 - For Exercises 8792, determine whether each...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 89ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 90ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 91ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 92ECh. 2.1 - The table shows the top 10 states in number of...Ch. 2.1 - This table shows the top 10 states in terms of...Ch. 2.1 - Excessive alcohol consumption by those aged 1824...Ch. 2.1 - The number of bachelors degrees awarded in the...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 97ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 98ECh. 2.1 - Housing prices have been in the news a lot in...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 100ECh. 2.1 - Is {0} equivalent to ? Explain your answer.Ch. 2.1 - Write two sets that are equivalent but not equal....Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 103ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 104ECh. 2.1 - (a) List all of the different sets you can form...Ch. 2.2 - Let U = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90} and A...Ch. 2.2 - Find all subsets of B = {Verizon, T-Mobile, ATT}.Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 3TTOCh. 2.2 - Decide if each statement is true or false. (a) {8}...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 5TTOCh. 2.2 - If A = {Cleveland, Indianapolis, Chicago, Des...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 7TTOCh. 2.2 - Prob. 8TTOCh. 2.2 - Prob. 9TTOCh. 2.2 - Prob. 10TTOCh. 2.2 - Prob. 11TTOCh. 2.2 - What is a subset?Ch. 2.2 - Explain the difference between a subset and a...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 3ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 4ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 5ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 6ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 7ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 8ECh. 2.2 - Write an example from real life that represents...Ch. 2.2 - Write an example from real life that represents...Ch. 2.2 - For Exercises 1114, let U = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13,...Ch. 2.2 - For Exercises 1114, let U = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13,...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 13ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 14ECh. 2.2 - If U = the set of natural numbers and A = {4, 6,...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 16ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 17ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 18ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 19ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 20ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 21ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 22ECh. 2.2 - For Exercises 1724, find all subsets and all...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 24ECh. 2.2 - For Exercises 2534, state whether each is true or...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 26ECh. 2.2 - For Exercises 2534, state whether each is true or...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 28ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 29ECh. 2.2 - For Exercises 2534, state whether each is true or...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 31ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 32ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 33ECh. 2.2 - For Exercises 2534, state whether each is true or...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 35ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 36ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 37ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 38ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 39ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 40ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 41ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 42ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 43ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 44ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 45ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 46ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 47ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 48ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 49ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 50ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 51ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 52ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 53ECh. 2.2 - For Exercises 5160, let U = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15,...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 55ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 56ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 57ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 58ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 59ECh. 2.2 - For Exercises 5160, let U = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15,...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 61ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 62ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 63ECh. 2.2 - For Exercises 6170, let U = {x | x N and x 25} W...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 65ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 66ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 67ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 68ECh. 2.2 - For Exercises 6170, let U = {x | x N and x 25} W...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 70ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 71ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 72ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 73ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 74ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 75ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 76ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 77ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 78ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 79ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 80ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 81ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 82ECh. 2.2 - For Exercises 8184, let D = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15,}...Ch. 2.2 - For Exercises 8184, let D = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15,}...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 85ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 86ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 87ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 88ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 89ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 90ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 91ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 92ECh. 2.2 - A student can have a cell phone, a laptop, and an...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 94ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 95ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 96ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 97ECh. 2.2 - To integrate aerobics into her exercise program,...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 99ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 100ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 101ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 102ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 103ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 104ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 105ECh. 2.2 - If C = {guilty, not guilty} and D = {possession...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 107ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 108ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 109ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 110ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 111ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 1TTOCh. 2.3 - Prob. 2TTOCh. 2.3 - Prob. 3TTOCh. 2.3 - Prob. 4TTOCh. 2.3 - Prob. 5TTOCh. 2.3 - Prob. 6TTOCh. 2.3 - Use Venn diagrams to show that (A B) = A B.Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 8TTOCh. 2.3 - A poll of 200 doctors across the nation found that...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 2ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 3ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 4ECh. 2.3 - Describe in your own words what De Morgans laws...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 6ECh. 2.3 - For Exercises 730, draw a Venn diagram and shade...Ch. 2.3 - For Exercises 730, draw a Venn diagram and shade...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 9ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 10ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 11ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 12ECh. 2.3 - For Exercises 730, draw a Venn diagram and shade...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 14ECh. 2.3 - For Exercises 730, draw a Venn diagram and shade...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 16ECh. 2.3 - For Exercises 730, draw a Venn diagram and shade...Ch. 2.3 - For Exercises 730, draw a Venn diagram and shade...Ch. 2.3 - For Exercises 730, draw a Venn diagram and shade...Ch. 2.3 - For Exercises 730, draw a Venn diagram and shade...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 21ECh. 2.3 - For Exercises 730, draw a Venn diagram and shade...Ch. 2.3 - For Exercises 730, draw a Venn diagram and shade...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 24ECh. 2.3 - For Exercises 730, draw a Venn diagram and shade...Ch. 2.3 - For Exercises 730, draw a Venn diagram and shade...Ch. 2.3 - For Exercises 730, draw a Venn diagram and shade...Ch. 2.3 - For Exercises 730, draw a Venn diagram and shade...Ch. 2.3 - For Exercises 730, draw a Venn diagram and shade...Ch. 2.3 - For Exercises 730, draw a Venn diagram and shade...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 31ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 32ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 33ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 34ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 35ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 36ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 37ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 38ECh. 2.3 - For Exercises 3950, use the following Venn diagram...Ch. 2.3 - For Exercises 3950, use the following Venn diagram...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 41ECh. 2.3 - For Exercises 3950, use the following Venn diagram...Ch. 2.3 - For Exercises 3950, use the following Venn diagram...Ch. 2.3 - For Exercises 3950, use the following Venn diagram...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 45ECh. 2.3 - For Exercises 3950, use the following Venn diagram...Ch. 2.3 - For Exercises 3950, use the following Venn diagram...Ch. 2.3 - For Exercises 3950, use the following Venn diagram...Ch. 2.3 - For Exercises 3950, use the following Venn diagram...Ch. 2.3 - For Exercises 3950, use the following Venn diagram...Ch. 2.3 - For Exercises 5160, use the following information:...Ch. 2.3 - For Exercises 5160, use the following information:...Ch. 2.3 - For Exercises 5160, use the following information:...Ch. 2.3 - For Exercises 5160, use the following information:...Ch. 2.3 - For Exercises 5160, use the following information:...Ch. 2.3 - For Exercises 5160, use the following information:...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 57ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 58ECh. 2.3 - For Exercises 5160, use the following information:...Ch. 2.3 - For Exercises 5160, use the following information:...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 61ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 62ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 63ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 64ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 65ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 66ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 67ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 68ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 69ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 70ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 71ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 72ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 73ECh. 2.3 - In Exercises 7376, G = {people who regularly use...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 75ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 76ECh. 2.3 - The table and Venn diagram below are to be used...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 78ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 79ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 80ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 81ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 82ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 83ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 84ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 85ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 86ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 87ECh. 2.3 - In Exercises 8792. (a) use a Venn diagram to show...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 89ECh. 2.3 - In Exercises 8792. (a) use a Venn diagram to show...Ch. 2.3 - In Exercises 8792. (a) use a Venn diagram to show...Ch. 2.3 - In Exercises 8792. (a) use a Venn diagram to show...Ch. 2.4 - In an average year, Columbus, Ohio, has 163 days...Ch. 2.4 - According to an online survey on...Ch. 2.4 - An online music service surveyed 500 customers and...Ch. 2.4 - Three other risk factors are obesity, family...Ch. 2.4 - In a survey of 85 college students, 72 use...Ch. 2.4 - In a class of 25 students, 18 were math majors, 12...Ch. 2.4 - A court record search of 250 incoming freshmen at...Ch. 2.4 - Twenty-five mice were involved in a biology...Ch. 2.4 - Out of 20 students taking a midterm psychology...Ch. 2.4 - In a study of 400 entres served at 75 campus...Ch. 2.4 - The financial aid department at a college surveyed...Ch. 2.4 - The manager of a campus gym is planning the...Ch. 2.4 - One semester in a chemistry class, 14 students...Ch. 2.4 - According to a survey conducted by the National...Ch. 2.4 - Two hundred patients suffering from depression...Ch. 2.4 - A survey of 96 students on campus showed that 29...Ch. 2.4 - Of the 50 largest cities in the United States, 11...Ch. 2.4 - One hundred new books are released nationally over...Ch. 2.4 - A marketing firm is hired to conduct research into...Ch. 2.4 - The arts communities in 230 cities across the...Ch. 2.4 - A researcher was hired to examine the drinking...Ch. 2.4 - The marketing research firm of OUWant12 designed...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 19ECh. 2.5 - Show that the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, } is an infinite...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 2TTOCh. 2.5 - Prob. 3TTOCh. 2.5 - Prob. 1ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 2ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 3ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 4ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 5ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 6ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 7ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 8ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 9ECh. 2.5 - For Exercises 520, find a general term for the...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 11ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 12ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 13ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 14ECh. 2.5 - For Exercises 520, find a general term for the...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 16ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 17ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 18ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 19ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 20ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 21ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 22ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 23ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 24ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 25ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 26ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 27ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 28ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 29ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 30ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 31ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 32ECh. 2.5 - For Exercises 3134, show that the given set is...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 34ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 35ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 36ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 37ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 38ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 39ECh. 2.5 - (a) Define a one-to-one correspondence between the...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 41ECh. 2.5 - Prob. 42ECh. 2.5 - In Exercises 4146, find the cardinality of the...Ch. 2.5 - In Exercises 4146, find the cardinality of the...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 45ECh. 2.5 - In Exercises 4146, find the cardinality of the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 1RECh. 2 - Prob. 2RECh. 2 - Prob. 3RECh. 2 - Prob. 4RECh. 2 - Prob. 5RECh. 2 - Prob. 6RECh. 2 - Prob. 7RECh. 2 - Prob. 8RECh. 2 - Prob. 9RECh. 2 - Prob. 10RECh. 2 - For Exercises 912, write each set using...Ch. 2 - Prob. 12RECh. 2 - For Exercises 1320, state whether the set is...Ch. 2 - Prob. 14RECh. 2 - Prob. 15RECh. 2 - Prob. 16RECh. 2 - Prob. 17RECh. 2 - Prob. 18RECh. 2 - Prob. 19RECh. 2 - Prob. 20RECh. 2 - For Exercises 2124, decide if the statement is...Ch. 2 - Prob. 22RECh. 2 - For Exercises 2124, decide if the statement is...Ch. 2 - For Exercises 2124, decide if the statement is...Ch. 2 - For Exercises 2124, decide if the statement is...Ch. 2 - Prob. 26RECh. 2 - For Exercises 2738, let U = {p, q, r, s, t, u, v,...Ch. 2 - For Exercises 2738, let U = {p, q, r, s, t, u, v,...Ch. 2 - For Exercises 2738, let U = {p, q, r, s, t, u, v,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 30RECh. 2 - Prob. 31RECh. 2 - Prob. 32RECh. 2 - For Exercises 2738, let U = {p, q, r, s, t, u, v,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 34RECh. 2 - For Exercises 2738, let U = {p, q, r, s, t, u, v,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 36RECh. 2 - Prob. 37RECh. 2 - For Exercises 2738, let U = {p, q, r, s, t, u, v,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 39RECh. 2 - Prob. 40RECh. 2 - Prob. 41RECh. 2 - Prob. 42RECh. 2 - Prob. 43RECh. 2 - Prob. 44RECh. 2 - Prob. 45RECh. 2 - Prob. 46RECh. 2 - Prob. 47RECh. 2 - For Exercises 4750, draw a Venn diagram and shade...Ch. 2 - Prob. 49RECh. 2 - Prob. 50RECh. 2 - If n(A) = 15, n(B) = 9, and n(A B) = 4, find n(A ...Ch. 2 - Prob. 52RECh. 2 - The table and Venn diagram below are to be used...Ch. 2 - The table and Venn diagram below are to be used...Ch. 2 - The table and Venn diagram below are to be used...Ch. 2 - Prob. 56RECh. 2 - On the eve of the 2012 Iowa Republican caucuses,...Ch. 2 - A hearing specialist conducts a study on hearing...Ch. 2 - Prob. 59RECh. 2 - Prob. 60RECh. 2 - Prob. 61RECh. 2 - Prob. 62RECh. 2 - Prob. 63RECh. 2 - Prob. 1CTCh. 2 - Prob. 2CTCh. 2 - Prob. 3CTCh. 2 - Prob. 4CTCh. 2 - Prob. 5CTCh. 2 - Prob. 6CTCh. 2 - Prob. 7CTCh. 2 - Prob. 8CTCh. 2 - Prob. 9CTCh. 2 - Prob. 11CTCh. 2 - Prob. 12CTCh. 2 - Prob. 13CTCh. 2 - Prob. 14CTCh. 2 - Prob. 15CTCh. 2 - Prob. 16CTCh. 2 - Prob. 17CTCh. 2 - Prob. 18CTCh. 2 - Prob. 19CTCh. 2 - Prob. 20CTCh. 2 - Prob. 21CTCh. 2 - A student studying for a masters degree in sports...Ch. 2 - Prob. 23CTCh. 2 - Prob. 24CTCh. 2 - Prob. 25CTCh. 2 - Prob. 26CTCh. 2 - Prob. 27CTCh. 2 - Prob. 28CTCh. 2 - Prob. 29CTCh. 2 - For Exercises 2530, state whether each is true or...
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- In a clinical trial of 2022 subjects treated with a certain drug, 21 reported headaches. In a control group of 1745 subjects given a placebo, 24 reported headaches. Denoting the proportion of headaches in the treatment group by p, and denoting the proportion of headaches in the control (placebo) group by pe, the relative risk is p/pe. The relative risk is a measure of the strength of the effect of the drug treatment. Another such measure is the odds ratio, which is the ratio of the odds in favor of a headache for the treatment group to the odds in favor of a headache for the control (placebo) group, found by evaluating Pt/(1-Pt) The relative risk and odds ratios are commonly used in medicine and epidemiological studies. Find the relative risk and odds ratio for the Pc/(1-Pc) headache data. What do the results suggest about the risk of a headache from the drug treatment? Find the relative risk for the headache data. The relative risk = (Round to three decimal places as needed.)arrow_forwardA doctor wanted to study the effect of four different treatments on mental health. A group of 100 adults experiencing depression volunteered for the study. The doctor randomly assigned one-fourth of them to each of four groups. Group 1 followed a specific exercise plan, group 2 followed a specific diet plan, group 3 followed an exercise and diet plan, and group 4 did not follow any plan. After 4 weeks, the doctor contacted each participant and asked them if they felt any better. The results are displayed in the table. The doctor would like to know if these data provide convincing evidence that the distribution of responses differs across the treatment groups in the population of all patients like these. The random condition is met. The 10% condition is not needed because random sampling did not take place. This table of expected counts shows that all expected counts are at least 5. What is the value of the chi-square test statistic? χ‑2 = 5.03 χ‑2 = 6.26 χ‑2 = 25.33 χ‑2 = 39.22arrow_forwardA doctor wanted to study the effect of four different treatments on mental health. A group of 100 adults experiencing depression volunteered for the study. The doctor randomly assigned one-fourth of them to each of four groups. Group 1 followed a specific exercise plan, group 2 followed a specific diet plan, group 3 followed an exercise and diet plan, and group 4 did not follow any plan. After 4 weeks, the doctor contacted each participant and asked them if they felt any better. The results are displayed in the table. The doctor would like to know if these data provide convincing evidence that the distribution of responses differs across the treatment groups in the population of all patients like these. Are the conditions for inference met? No, the random condition is not met. No, the 10% condition is not met. No, the Large Counts condition is not met. Yes, all three conditions for inference are met.arrow_forward
- A doctor wanted to study the effect of four different treatments on mental health. A group of 100 adults experiencing depression volunteered for the study. The doctor randomly assigned one-fourth of them to each of four groups. Group 1 followed a specific exercise plan, group 2 followed a specific diet plan, group 3 followed an exercise and diet plan, and group 4 did not follow any plan. After 4 weeks, the doctor contacted each participant and asked them if they felt any better. The results are displayed in the table. The doctor would like to know if these data provide convincing evidence that the distribution of responses differs across the treatment groups in the population of all patients like these. The random condition is met. The 10% condition is not needed because random sampling did not take place. This table of expected counts shows that all expected counts are at least 5. The value of the chi-square test statistic is χ‑2 = 25.33. What are the degrees of freedom and…arrow_forwardA new over-the-counter medicine to treat a sore throat is to be tested for effectiveness. The makers of the medicine take two random samples of 25 individuals showing symptoms of a sore throat. Group 1 receives the new medicine and Group 2 receives a placebo. After a few days on the medicine, each group is interviewed and asked how they would rate their comfort level 1-10 (1 being the most uncomfortable and 10 being no discomfort at all). The results are below. Find the 95% confidence interval in the difference of the mean comfort level. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that the new medicine is effective? Assume the data is normally distributed with unequal variances. (Round answers to 4 decimal places) Make sure you put the 0 in front of the decimal. Average Group 1 = 5.84, SD Group 1 = 2.211334, n1 = 25 Average Group 2 = 3.96, SD Group 2 = 2.35372, n2 = 25arrow_forwardResearchers wanted to know the effectiveness of a new anti-venom shot. A study was conducted on 245 children who had nonlethal scorpion stings. The ages of the children ranged from 6 months to 18 years old. Each child was randomly assigned to receive a shot of the anti-venom or a placebo shot. Researchers recorded whether or not their condition improved over the next four hours. They found that about 73% of the children who were given anti-venom saw an improvement in their condition whereas only about 23% of the children who were given the placebo saw an improvement in their condition. Identify the population.The population is all children 6 months to 18 years old with nonlethal scorpion stings. Identify the sample.The sample is 245 children 6 months to 18 years old with nonlethal scorpion stings. What is the treatment variable? The treatment variable is the anti-venom shot. What is the response (or outcome) variable?The outcome variable is improvements in their condition.…arrow_forward
- Ellen Davis Jones studied the effects of reminiscence therapy for older women with depression. She studied 15 women 60 years or older residing for 3 months or longer in an assisted living long-term care facility. For this study, depression was measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Higher scores indicate more severe depression symptoms. The participants received reminiscence therapy for long-term care, which uses family photographs, scrapbooks, and personal memorabilia to stimulate memory and conversation among group members. Pre-treatment and post-treatment depression scores are given in the following table. Can we conclude, based on these data, that subjects who participate in reminiscence therapy exercise, on average, a decline in GDS depression scores? Assume that alpha = 0.01. Pre-GDS 12 10 16 2 12 18 11 16 10 14 Post-GDS 11 10 11 3 9 13 8 14 10 12 What is the null and alternative hypothesis…arrow_forwardMarijuana was recently legalized in Canada. A recent study reported that at low doses marijuana could have antidepressant effects but at high doses, it has opposite effect. A researcher at a major Canadian university conducted a survey in which she asked people how much marijuana they consumed (number of joints per week) and how depressed they were (measured on Beck Depression Inventory: This test gives a score between 0 and 63 with higher scores corresponding to higher levels of depression). The results showed that that for the number of joints that people smoked per week, the average was 3.74 and the standard deviation was 1.47. For their results on the depression test, the average was 19.32 and the standard deviation was 3.18. Were students more variable in their marijuana consumption or in their levels of depression? Provide an explanation for your findings.arrow_forwardA dietician has developed a new diet which is claimed to reduce LDL cholesterol levels for those who use the diet. The dietician wants to test the diet by sampling a random group of 25 people. The dietician will measure the LDL cholesterol levels of each of the 25 people and then measure their cholesterol levels after people in the sample have used the diet for eight weeks. Which of the following tests would be most appropriate for this study? O a. t-test of one sample O b. t-test of two independent samples O c. z-test of two independent samples O d. t-test of paired samples e. Chi-square test of independencearrow_forward
- Suppose that two brands of gasoline were being compared for mileage. Samples of each brand were used in identical cars under identical conditions. Nine tests were made of Brand I and six tests of Brand II. Are the two brands significantly different? What test is most appropriate?arrow_forwardA pizza chain advertises that, in recent taste experiment in which their pizza (pizza A) was compared with the other four leading pizza chains, more people preferred their pizza to the other four. The data from the taste experiment are recorded as: Pizza A = 60 people, Pizza B = 45 people, Pizza C = 52 people, Pizza D = 43 people and Pizza E = 50 people. Do you believe the ad to be misleading? Use a = 0.05 in making your decision and follow all necessary testing procedures.arrow_forwardA psychologist would like to examine the effects of a new drug on the activity level of animals. Three samples of rats are selected with n = 5 in each sample. The rats in the first sample serve as a control and do not get any of the drug. The rats in the second group receive a small dose, and the rats in the third group each get a large dose of the drug. The researcher records the activity level for each animal. Do these data indicate any significant differences among the three groups? Show all five steps, but you do not need to carry out post hoc analyses. Use alpha = .05. %3D Controls Small dose Large dose 2 15 2 12 3 2 3 2 2 12 1 1 3 SS = 4 SS = 2 SS = 6 EX2 = 9 EX2 = 22 EX2 = 51 G = 30arrow_forward
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