Campbell Biology in Focus
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134710679
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Rebecca Orr
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 23.4, Problem 1CC
How can the Darwinian concept of descent with modification explain the evolution of such complex structures at the vertebrate eye?
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Regarding the evolution of the mammalian inner ear, the above diagram shows:A) the co-option of jaw bones (colored) for use in hearingB) the loss of jaw bones (colored) and the origin of de-novo hearing bones C) the evolution of synapsids, which have little to do with mammalian evolutionD) the results of a population bottleneck which led to the fixation of odd alleles for ear development
Eyes are often used in arguments for intelligent design because many consider this organ to be too complex to have evolved by chance alone. However, complex lensed eyes evolved independently both within cephalod mollusks and vertebrates including our own ancestor. In the evolution of these structures the corresponding phylogenies revealed that both:
A) were preceded by the evolution of 'simple' light sensing eyes, thus having adaptive intermediate evolutionary steps.
B) lacked intermediate evolutionary steps involving the evolution of 'simple' eyes.
C) had intermediate evolutionary steps, but ultimately the vertebrate eye had a superior 'design' without any kind of blind spot, relative to the simple invertebrate cephalopod eye.
D) were preceded by vestigial non-functional optic structures.
Which of the following best describes the evolution of smell in chordates?
A) Ancestrally, jawless fish had few ancestral scent genes that coded for receptors resembling a combination of water and air receptors. Subsequently these genes were duplicated and specialized through natural selection either for use in water or air.
B) Ancestrally, all olfactory receptors where specialized for water as the ancestor of all vertebrates was aquatic. Only once did olfactory genes become duplicated and specialized and this was in the transition to land for receptors that work in air.
C) All chordates share the same number of scent receptor genes. However, they have become variously deactivated through natural selection due to either unuse or a tradeoff for sight genes.
D) None of the above.
Chapter 23 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus
Ch. 23.1 - Describe an example from the fossil record that...Ch. 23.1 - Your measurements indicate that a fossilized skull...Ch. 23.1 - WHAT IF? What might a fossil record of life today...Ch. 23.2 - Explain the consequences of plate tectonics for...Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 23.2 - What factors promote adaptive radiations?Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 23.3 - Explain how new body forms can originate by...Ch. 23.3 - Why is it likely that Hox genes have played a...Ch. 23.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Given that changes in morphology...
Ch. 23.4 - How can the Darwinian concept of descent with...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 23 - Which factor most likely caused animals and plants...Ch. 23 - Adaptive radiations can be a direct consequence of...Ch. 23 - A researcher discovers a fossil of what appears to...Ch. 23 - A genetic change that caused a certain Hox gene to...Ch. 23 - A swim bladder is a gas-filled sac that helps fish...Ch. 23 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Herbivory (plant eating) has...Ch. 23 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Describe how gene flow, genetic...Ch. 23 - FOCUS ON ORGANIZATION You have seen many examples...Ch. 23 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE In 2010, the Soufriere...
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- The path of whale evolution has involved the reduction or loss of several traits that are still prominent in most other mammals. TRUE (1) or FALSE (2). In terrestrial mammals, the sense of smell (olfaction) involves receptor proteins encoded by a number of genes. Whales don't have a sense of smell underwater, but their genomes still contain copies (pseudogenes) of some of these olfactory genes in their genomes. Because they are still present in whales' genomes, these genes must serve some other function in whales. Whales have some vestigial features like muscles that are attached to external ears in other mammals, even though whales have lost their external ears. Humans also lost some traits (e.g., body fur) and also have some vestigial traits, such as a mechanism to cause fur to stand on end even though we are mostly hairless (i.e., arrector pili muscles that produce goosebumps). Some features like hindlimb buds and whiskers are observed…arrow_forwardPeople who object to evolution sometimes assert that complex organs such as eyes are irreducibly complex, and therefore couldn't have arisen through evolution. Which of the following are insights that evolutionary research has provided on how complex organs arise? For each choice select YES or NO.arrow_forwardEvolutionary biologist Neil Shubin once said, "In one sense, evolution didn't invent anything new? It's using the old to make the new, and we call that tinkering." How does the concept of the evolution of the complex eye and the idea of exaptations support Dr. Shubin's statement? Explain and give an example.arrow_forward
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