Campbell Biology in Focus
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134710679
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Rebecca Orr
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 23.1, Problem 3CC
WHAT IF? What might a fossil record of life today look like?
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Carbon-14 dating works for fossils up to about 75,000 years old;fossils older than that contain too little 14C to be detected. Mostdinosaurs went extinct 65.5 million years ago. (a) Can 14C be usedto date dinosaur bones? Explain. (b) Radioactive uranium-235 hasa half-life of 704 million years. If it was incorporated into dinosaurbones, could it be used to date the dinosaur fossils? Explain
What do you think geologists would find in the rock record as evidence of human life today million years later? Do you think we will leave a lot of traces and evidences of our existence in the fossil record?
WHAT IF? Fossils show that dinosaurs originated200–250 million years ago. Would you expect the geographic distribution of early dinosaur fossils to be broad(on many continents) or narrow (on one or a few continents only)? Explain.
Chapter 23 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus
Ch. 23.1 - Describe an example from the fossil record that...Ch. 23.1 - Your measurements indicate that a fossilized skull...Ch. 23.1 - WHAT IF? What might a fossil record of life today...Ch. 23.2 - Explain the consequences of plate tectonics for...Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 23.2 - What factors promote adaptive radiations?Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 23.3 - Explain how new body forms can originate by...Ch. 23.3 - Why is it likely that Hox genes have played a...Ch. 23.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Given that changes in morphology...
Ch. 23.4 - How can the Darwinian concept of descent with...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 23 - Which factor most likely caused animals and plants...Ch. 23 - Adaptive radiations can be a direct consequence of...Ch. 23 - A researcher discovers a fossil of what appears to...Ch. 23 - A genetic change that caused a certain Hox gene to...Ch. 23 - A swim bladder is a gas-filled sac that helps fish...Ch. 23 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Herbivory (plant eating) has...Ch. 23 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Describe how gene flow, genetic...Ch. 23 - FOCUS ON ORGANIZATION You have seen many examples...Ch. 23 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE In 2010, the Soufriere...
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- WHAT IF? Suppose a molecular clock dates the divergence of two taxa at 80 million years ago, but new fossilevidence shows that the taxa diverged at least 120 millionyears ago. Explain how this could happen.arrow_forward1. For how long has there been life on earth? 2. For what percentage of time has life existed on earth (round to the nearest whole number) ? 3. For about how many years of geological time have humans existed on earth? 4. For about how many years of geological time have the dinosaurs existed on earth? 5. Did dinosaurs exist at the same time as humans? 6. How do scientist determine when an era begins and when it ends? 7. What is the purpose of making a geological timeline?arrow_forwardUsing Index Fossils Problem How can fossils be used to determine the relative ages of rock layers? Introduction It is easy to compare the ages of fossils found in sedimentary rocks at one location. Fossils found in an upper rock layer will be younger than fossils found in a lower layer, unless the layers have been overturned. It is not as easy to compare the ages of fossils found in rocks at different locations. Scientists use index fossils to determine the relative ages of rock layers. Scientists use radiometric dating to find the actual age of rocks and fossils. In this lab, you will work with drawings of rock layers from different locations. Each layer will contain at least two fossils. Using the fossils as clues, you will organize the layers from oldest to youngest. Skills Focus Interpret Visuals, Sequence, Draw Conclusions Materials scissors Safety Do not direct the points of the scissors toward yourself or others. Use the scissors only as instructed. Pre-Lab…arrow_forward
- Which statement is true about fossilization? (A) (B) (C) (D) Only animals with backbones (vertebrates) fossilize. Only animals with hard structures, such as bones or shells, fossilize. Animals always fossilize, but plante fossilize under certain conditions. All organisms fossilize, depending on the environmental conditions.arrow_forwardThe fossil record is biased because... Actually, this bias is only perceived; older eras had completely different body plans which makes it look like a lot of fossils are missing, while instead they existed. O Fossilization only happens under dry, arid conditions, which is most common in limited, desert like conditions. O The decomposition of an organism needs to slow down to increase chance of fossilization, which only happens under certain conditions. O Only organisms living in the deep ocean have a chance of fossilizing, because those are ideal conditions. 29 In TOarrow_forwardPLEASE HELPPParrow_forward
- A. What do scientists think the primitive Earth was like? Give 3 evidences. B. How could life possibly evolve in such an inhospitable environment?arrow_forwardⒸ Macmillan Learning There are many examples of species that were ancestral to or closely related to the ancestors of modern humans, Homo sapiens sapiens. The figure shows when several key human ancestors were alive. Label the figure with the names of the human ancestral species. Millions of years ago 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 Australopithecus africanus Ardipithecus ramidus Australopithecus boisei Australopithecus afarensis Homo erectus Answer Bank Homo habilis Homo sapiens sapiens Australopithecus robustus Homo neanderthalensisarrow_forwardPractice Portfolio Activity, Part 1 Five species of Xenite-an imaginary animal-have been found on a planet in another solar system. Based on the order of the rock layers in which fossils were found, species A appears to be the oldest and probably the most primitive. There is no evidence to support the relative age of the other species of Xenite. A в с Be the evolutionary biologist, and complete the following activities to build a cladogram of Xenites. a. spines b. eyestalks c. tail D d. mouth 1. Create a table noting which species of Xenite has each characteristic below, marking each as yes or no. E 2. Study your table, and figure out the order of evolution of each character. You have been given reason to believe that, based on the fossil record, Xenite A is the ancestral species. For the Xenites, consider what appear to be homologies and analogies. Create your cladogram for the Xenites. You may upload a picture of a drawing of your table and your tree using the image box.arrow_forward
- Helparrow_forwardWHAT IF? If you discovered a fossil of an extinct mammal that lived high in the Andes, would you predict thatit would more closely resemble present-day mammalsfrom South American jungles or present-day mammalsthat live high in Asian mountains? Explain.arrow_forward-How long is the time span between the appearance of free atmospheric oxygen and evidence of complex (multicellular) forms? -How much time is there between complex forms and the Cambrian Explosion?arrow_forward
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