Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 23.3, Problem 9CC
A woman who had her thyroid gland removed because of cancer was given pills containing only T4. Why was this less active form of the hormone an effective treatment for her hypothyroidism?
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In the 1950s, Earl W. Sutherland, Jr., and his colleagues carried out pioneering experiments to elucidate the mechanism of action ofepinephrine and glucagon. Given what you have learned in this chapter about hormone action, interpret each of the experiments described below. Identify substance X and indicate the significance of the results.(a) Addition of epinephrine to a homogenate of normal liver resulted in an increase in the activity of glycogen phosphorylase. However, when the homogenate was first centrifuged at a high speed and epinephrine or glucagon was added to the clear supernatant fraction that contains phosphorylase, no increase in the phosphorylase activity occurred.(b) When the particulate fraction from the centrifugation in (a) was treated with epinephrine, substance X was produced. The substance was isolated and purified. Unlike epinephrine, substance X activated glycogen phosphorylase when added to the clear supernatant fraction of the centrifuged homogenate.(c)…
Consider the communication between the hypothalamus, pituitary and various target organs when answering this question. For each condition discussed, state the change you would expect to find for each hormone/compound addressed - INCREASED, DECREASED, UNAFFECTED, CAN'T INTERPRET:
A patient suffering from untreated Graves disease:
A) TSH B) Calcitonin C) Thyroxine(T4/T3) D) TRH
A patient suffering from untreated goiter:
A) TSH B) Calcitonin C) Thyroxine(T4/T3) D) TRH
A patient suffering from pituitary tumor secreting ACTH:
A) CRH B) ACTH C) Cortisol D) Plasma potassium level
Now, let's consider calcium metabolism and balance. For each condition discussed, state the change you would expect to find for hormone/calcium levels - INCREASED, DECREASED, UNAFFECTED, CAN'T INTERPRET:
A patient with…
Chapter 23 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 23.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 23.2 - What do the abbreviations HPA and CBG stand for?...Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 23.2 - Prob. 5CCCh. 23.2 - Prob. 6CCCh. 23.2 - Would someone with Addisons disease have normal,...Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 8CCCh. 23.3 - A woman who had her thyroid gland removed because...Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 10CC
Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 11CCCh. 23.5 - Prob. 12CCCh. 23.5 - Prob. 13CCCh. 23.6 - Prob. 14CCCh. 23.6 - Prob. 15CCCh. 23.6 - Prob. 16CCCh. 23.6 - Prob. 17CCCh. 23 - Name the zones of the adrenal cortex and the...Ch. 23 - For (a) cortisol, (b) growth hormone, (c)...Ch. 23 - Prob. 3RQCh. 23 - Prob. 4RQCh. 23 - Define each of the following terms and explain its...Ch. 23 - Prob. 6RQCh. 23 - Prob. 7RQCh. 23 - Prob. 8RQCh. 23 - Define, compare, and contrast or relate the terms...Ch. 23 - Prob. 10RQCh. 23 - Prob. 11RQCh. 23 - Osteoclasts make acid (H+) from CO2 and H2O. They...Ch. 23 - Prob. 13RQCh. 23 - One diagnostic test to determine the cause of...Ch. 23 - Prob. 15RQCh. 23 - Prob. 16RQCh. 23 - Prob. 17RQCh. 23 - Prob. 18RQCh. 23 - Prob. 19RQ
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- Which hormones produced in the posterior and anterior lobes of the pituitary gland have the targets indicated? Below, fill in the blanks using the abbreviations noted in Section 15.3.arrow_forwardEach steroidogenic organ has all the enzymes necessary to produce any steroid hormone. (True or false?)arrow_forwardAddisons disease develops when the adrenal cortex does not secrete enough mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. President John F. Kennedy was diagnosed with the disease when he was a young man. Before he started treatment with hormone replacement therapy, he was hypoglycemic and lost weight. Which missing hormone was responsible for his weight loss? How might Addisons disease have affected his blood pressure?arrow_forward
- Match the hormone source with the closest description.arrow_forwardFigure 37.14 Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is overactive. Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is underactive. Which of the conditions are the following two patients most likely to have? Patient A has symptoms including weight gain, cold sensitivity, low heart rate, and fatigue. Patient B has symptoms including weight loss, profuse sweating, increased heart rate, and difficulty sleeping.arrow_forwardFrom the list of hormones associated with certain pants of the endocrine system explain how the hormone of choice affects body functions. Hormone Function 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15arrow_forward
- Thyroid hormones are produced mainly is T4 , while the physiologically active form is T3 . Explain ?arrow_forwardClassify the following hormones into whether they are produced by the hypothalamus or the anterior pituitary gland. Anterior Pituitary Hormones Hypothalamic Hormones Thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) Luteinizing hormone Thyrotropin-releasing hormone Adrenocorticotropic hormone Somatostatin Corticotropin-releasing hormone Growth hormone Growth hormone-releasing hormone Gonadotropin-releasing hormone Prolactin-inhibiting hormonearrow_forward1) Hormone pathologies often manifest with elevated or lower hormones. The underlying cause may differ. What symptoms would be associated with hyperthyroidism? 2) Autoimmune disease in which auto-antibodies stimulate the TSH receptor (TSHR) on the thyroid gland. How would this affect levels of TRH, TSH, and TH? Draw out the H-P-T axis to illustrate changes in each hormone. 3) What symptoms would be associated with hypothyroidism? 4) How could this disease be treated? When the thyroid cells are destroyed, they cannot make hormones anymore and TH replacement needs to be given.arrow_forward
- State what the different parts of the pituitary gland are called and how they differ. b) Explain the physiological significance of the portal system of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland c) What hormones are produced by different parts of the pituitary gland? Enter in the image below. What effects do these hormones have on the body? Give at least one example of a function for each hormone.arrow_forwardIdentify which of the following hormone categories are lipid-soluble: (a) reproductive hormones produced in the gonads, (b) adrenal cortex hormones, and (c) thyroid hormone.arrow_forwardExplain how endocrine disorders produced the physical characteristics described: (a) obesity in a man with hypothyroidism, (b) small stature and gigantism in people with pituitary disorders, (c) facial hair on a woman with an adrenal tumor, and (d) protrusion of the eyes in a person with Graves’ disease.arrow_forward
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