Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Chemistry with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134162454
Author: Nivaldo J. Tro
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 23, Problem 43E
Interpretation Introduction
To explain: The process of nitrogen fixation.
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Using the bond energy values, calculate the energy that must be supplied or is released upon the polymerization of 755 monomers. If energy must be supplied, provide a positive number; if energy is released, provide a negative number. Hint: Avogadro’s number is 6.02 × 1023.
-AG|F=2E|V
3. Before proceeding with this problem you may want to glance at p. 466 of your textbook
where various oxo-phosphorus derivatives and their oxidation states are summarized.
Shown below are Latimer diagrams for phosphorus at pH values at 0 and 14:
Acidic solution
-0.93
+0.38
-0.51 -0.06
H3PO4 →H4P206 H3PO3 H3PO2 → P→ PH3
-0.28
-0.50
→
-0.50
Basic solution
3-1.12
-1.57
-2.05 -0.89
PO HPO →→H2PO2 P PH3
-1.73
a) Under acidic conditions, H3PO4 can be reduced into H3PO3 directly (-0.28V), or via the
formation and reduction of H4P2O6 (-0.93/+0.38V). Calculate the values of AG's for both
processes; comment.
(3 points)
0.5 PH,
0.0
-0.5-
2 3 9 3
-1.5
-2.0
Pa
H,PO
H,PO
H,PO
-3
-1 0
2
4
Oxidation state, N
2
b) Frost diagram for phosphorus under acidic
conditions is shown. Identify possible
disproportionation and comproportionation processes;
write out chemical equations describing them. (2 points)
c) Elemental phosphorus tends to disproportionate under basic conditions. Use data in…
These two reactions appear to start with the same starting materials but result in different products. How do the chemicals know which product to form? Are both products formed, or is there some information missing that will direct them a particular way?
Chapter 23 Solutions
Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Chemistry with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (4th Edition)
Ch. 23 - Prob. 1SAQCh. 23 - Prob. 2SAQCh. 23 - Prob. 3SAQCh. 23 - Prob. 4SAQCh. 23 - Prob. 5SAQCh. 23 - Q6. What is the molecular geometry of ICl–?
a)...Ch. 23 - Prob. 7SAQCh. 23 - Prob. 8SAQCh. 23 - Prob. 9SAQCh. 23 - Prob. 10SAQ
Ch. 23 - Prob. 1ECh. 23 - 2. What is the main characteristic that determines...Ch. 23 - 3. Does the metallic characteristic of a...Ch. 23 - Prob. 4ECh. 23 - Prob. 5ECh. 23 - Prob. 6ECh. 23 - Prob. 7ECh. 23 - Prob. 8ECh. 23 - Prob. 9ECh. 23 - Prob. 10ECh. 23 - 11. What is the typical concentration of oxygen in...Ch. 23 - Prob. 12ECh. 23 - Prob. 13ECh. 23 - Prob. 14ECh. 23 - Prob. 15ECh. 23 - Prob. 16ECh. 23 - Prob. 17ECh. 23 - Prob. 18ECh. 23 - Prob. 19ECh. 23 - Prob. 20ECh. 23 - Prob. 21ECh. 23 - Prob. 22ECh. 23 - Prob. 23ECh. 23 - Prob. 24ECh. 23 - Prob. 25ECh. 23 - Prob. 26ECh. 23 - Prob. 27ECh. 23 - Prob. 28ECh. 23 - Prob. 29ECh. 23 - Prob. 30ECh. 23 - Prob. 31ECh. 23 - Prob. 32ECh. 23 - Prob. 33ECh. 23 - Prob. 34ECh. 23 - Prob. 35ECh. 23 - 36. Silicon carbide is produced by heating...Ch. 23 - Prob. 37ECh. 23 - Prob. 38ECh. 23 - Prob. 39ECh. 23 - Prob. 40ECh. 23 - Prob. 41ECh. 23 - 42. Write a balanced reaction for the gas release...Ch. 23 - Prob. 43ECh. 23 - 44. Explain why the diatomic nitrogen atom is...Ch. 23 - Prob. 45ECh. 23 - Prob. 46ECh. 23 - Prob. 47ECh. 23 - Prob. 48ECh. 23 - Prob. 49ECh. 23 - Prob. 50ECh. 23 - Prob. 51ECh. 23 - Prob. 52ECh. 23 - Prob. 53ECh. 23 - Prob. 54ECh. 23 - Prob. 55ECh. 23 - Prob. 56ECh. 23 - Prob. 57ECh. 23 - Prob. 58ECh. 23 - Prob. 59ECh. 23 - Prob. 60ECh. 23 - Prob. 61ECh. 23 - Prob. 62ECh. 23 - Prob. 63ECh. 23 - Prob. 64ECh. 23 - Prob. 65ECh. 23 - Prob. 66ECh. 23 - 67. Calculate the maximum mass (in grams) of each...Ch. 23 - 68. A coal source contains 1.1% sulfur by mass. If...Ch. 23 - Prob. 69ECh. 23 - Prob. 70ECh. 23 - Prob. 71ECh. 23 - Prob. 72ECh. 23 - Prob. 73ECh. 23 - Prob. 74ECh. 23 - Prob. 75ECh. 23 - Prob. 76ECh. 23 - Prob. 77ECh. 23 - Prob. 78ECh. 23 - Prob. 79ECh. 23 - Prob. 80ECh. 23 - Prob. 81ECh. 23 - Prob. 82ECh. 23 - Prob. 83ECh. 23 - Prob. 84ECh. 23 - Prob. 85ECh. 23 - Prob. 86ECh. 23 - Prob. 87ECh. 23 - Prob. 88ECh. 23 - Prob. 89ECh. 23 - 90. Use the data in Appendix II, Table B to...Ch. 23 - Prob. 91ECh. 23 - Prob. 92ECh. 23 - Prob. 93ECh. 23 - Prob. 94ECh. 23 - Prob. 95ECh. 23 - Prob. 96ECh. 23 - Prob. 97ECh. 23 - Prob. 98ECh. 23 - Prob. 99ECh. 23 - Prob. 100ECh. 23 - Prob. 101ECh. 23 - 102. Explain why H2S has a different bond angle...Ch. 23 - Prob. 103ECh. 23 - Prob. 104ECh. 23 - Prob. 105ECh. 23 - Prob. 106ECh. 23 - Prob. 107QGWCh. 23 - Prob. 108QGWCh. 23 - Prob. 109QGWCh. 23 - Prob. 110QGWCh. 23 - Prob. 111QGWCh. 23 - Prob. 112DIA
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