Chapter 23, Problem 23.69P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formulas for the given complex $\text{Pd}{\text{K(NH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)Cl}}_{\text{3}}$ with these compositions has to be written.

Concept introduction:  -

Geometry of coordination compounds: The study of geometry of the coordination compound helps in understanding the physical and chemical property of the compound.

Stereoisomer: The same molecular formula but different with the arrangements of atoms around the metal ion.  The Ligands are arranged differently in coordination compounds.

Geometric isomers: stereoisomers that cannot be interconverted without breaking the chemical bonds.

Optical isomers: Optical isomers are non-superimposable mirror images.

Plane-polarized light: Light that oscillates in a single plane.

Explanation of Solution

Charge on palladium $\text{= – }\left[\left({\text{+1 on K}}^{\text{+}}\right)\text{ + }\left({\text{0 on NH}}_{\text{3}}\right)\text{ + 3}\left({\text{–1 on Cl}}^{\text{–}}\right)\right]\text{ = +2}$

Palladium (II) forms four-coordinate complexes.  The four ligands in the formula are one $N{H}_3$ and three $C{l}^{–}$ ions.

The formula of the complex ion is ${\left[Pd\left(N{H}_3\right)C{l}_3\right]}^{–}.$  combined with the potassium cation, the compound formula is $\text{K}\left[\text{Pd}\left({\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\right){\text{Cl}}_{\text{3}}\right]\text{.}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formulas for the given complex ${\text{PdCl}}_{\text{2}}{{\text{(NH}}_{\text{3}}\text{)}}_{\text{2}}$ with these compositions has to be written.

Concept introduction:

Linkage isomers occur when the composition of the complex ion is the same but the ligand donor atom is different.  Some ligands can bind to the metal ion through either of two donor atoms.

Geometry of coordination compounds: The study of geometry of the coordination compound helps in understanding the physical and chemical property of the compound.

Stereoisomer: The same molecular formula but different with the arrangements of atoms around the metal ion.  The Ligands are arranged differently in coordination compounds.

Geometric isomers: stereoisomers that cannot be interconverted without breaking the chemical bonds.

Optical isomers: Optical isomers are non-superimposable mirror images.

Plane-polarized light: Light that oscillates in a single plane.

Explanation of Solution

Charge on palladium $\text{= – }\left[\text{2}\left({\text{–1 on Cl}}^{\text{–}}\right)\text{ + 2}\left({\text{0 on NH}}_{\text{3}}\right)\right]\text{ = +2}$

Palladium (II) forms four-coordinate complexes.  The four ligands are two chloride ions and two ammonia molecules.

Hence, the formula is $\left[{\text{PdCl}}_{\text{2}}{\left({\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\right]\text{.}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formulas for the given complex $\text{Pd}{\text{K}}_{\text{2}}{\text{Cl}}_{\text{6}}$ with these compositions has to be written.

Concept introduction:

Geometry of coordination compounds: The study of geometry of the coordination compound helps in understanding the physical and chemical property of the compound.

Stereoisomer: The same molecular formula but different with the arrangements of atoms around the metal ion.  The Ligands are arranged differently in coordination compounds.

Geometric isomers: stereoisomers that cannot be interconverted without breaking the chemical bonds.

Optical isomers: Optical isomers are non-superimposable mirror images.

Plane-polarized light: Light that oscillates in a single plane.

Explanation of Solution

Charge on palladium $\text{ = – }\left[\text{2}\left({\text{+1 on K}}^{\text{+}}\right)\text{ + 6}\left({\text{–1 on Cl}}^{\text{–}}\right)\right]\text{ = +4}$

Palladium (IV) forms six-coordinate complexes.  The six ligands are the six chloride ions.  Hence, the formula is ${\text{K}}_{\text{2}}\left[{\text{PdCl}}_{\text{6}}\right]\text{.}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formulas for the given complex ${\text{Pd(NH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{4}}{\text{Cl}}_{\text{4}}$ with these compositions has to be written.

Concept introduction:

Geometry of coordination compounds: The study of geometry of the coordination compound helps in understanding the physical and chemical property of the compound.

Stereoisomer: The same molecular formula but different with the arrangements of atoms around the metal ion.  The Ligands are arranged differently in coordination compounds.

Geometric isomers: stereoisomers that cannot be interconverted without breaking the chemical bonds.

Optical isomers: Optical isomers are non-superimposable mirror images.

Plane-polarized light: Light that oscillates in a single plane.

Explanation of Solution

Charge on palladium = $–\left[4\left(0onN{H}_3\right)+4\left(–1onC{l}^{–}\right)\right]=+4$

Palladium (IV) forms six-coordinate complexes.  The ammonia molecules have to be ligands.  The other two ligand bonds are formed with two of the chloride ions.

The remaining two chloride ions are the counter ions.

Hence, the formula is $\left[\text{Pd}{\left({\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{4}}{\text{Cl}}_{\text{2}}\right]{\text{Cl}}_{\text{2}}\text{.}$