Chapter 23, Problem 23.17P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest oxidation number for $Nbatom$ has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation number: (Oxidation state) A number equal to the magnitude of the charge an atom would have if its shared electrons were transferred to the atom that attracts them more strongly.

Groups $\text{3B}\left(\text{3}\right)\text{ to 7B}\left(\text{7}\right)\text{,}$ the highest oxidation state is equal to the group number.

The highest oxidation state occurs when both ns electrons and all $\left(n–1\right)d$ electrons have been removed.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest oxidation number for $Yatom$ has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation number: (Oxidation state) A number equal to the magnitude of the charge an atom would have if its shared electrons were transferred to the atom that attracts them more strongly.

Groups $\text{3B}\left(\text{3}\right)\text{ to 7B}\left(\text{7}\right)\text{,}$ the highest oxidation state is equal to the group number.

The highest oxidation state occurs when both ns electrons and all $\left(n–1\right)d$ electrons have been removed.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest oxidation number for $Tcatom$ has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation number: (Oxidation state) A number equal to the magnitude of the charge an atom would have if its shared electrons were transferred to the atom that attracts them more strongly.

Groups $\text{3B}\left(\text{3}\right)\text{ to 7B}\left(\text{7}\right)\text{,}$ the highest oxidation state is equal to the group number.

The highest oxidation state occurs when both ns electrons and all $\left(n–1\right)d$ electrons have been removed.