Chapter 23, Problem 23.120P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The wavelength of maximum absorption and the crystal field splitting energy have to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Crystal field splitting: The energy gap between the splitting of d-orbitals of the metal ion in presence of ligands is known as the crystal field splitting $\text{(Δ)}$.  The magnitude of $\text{(Δ)}$ is depends on the nature of metal ions and the ligands.

The fact that colour depends on the ligand allows us to create a spectrochemical series, which ranks the ability of a ligand to split $\text{d-orbital}$ energies.

The relative magnitude of $\Delta$ for a series of octahedral complexes of a given metal ion.  As $\Delta$ increases, higher energies (shorter wavelengths) of light must be absorbed to excite electrons.

The spectrochemical series is

  $I^{-}<C{l}^{-}<F^{-}<O{H}^{-}<H_{2}O<SC{N}^{-}<en<N{O}_2^{-}<C{N}^{-}<CO$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The spectrochemical series for the ligand in the Chromium complex has to be written.

Concept introduction:

The fact that colour depends on the ligand allows us to create a spectrochemical series, which ranks the ability of a ligand to split $\text{d-orbital}$ energies.

The relative magnitude of $\Delta$ for a series of octahedral complexes of a given metal ion.  As $\Delta$ increases, higher energies (shorter wavelengths) of light must be absorbed to excite electrons.

The spectrochemical series is

  $I^{-}<C{l}^{-}<F^{-}<O{H}^{-}<H_{2}O<SC{N}^{-}<en<N{O}_2^{-}<C{N}^{-}<CO$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Iron data is affect the oxidation state has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation number: (Oxidation state) A number equal to the magnitude of the charge an atom would have if its shared electrons were transferred to the atom that attracts them more strongly.

The spectrochemical series is

  $I^{-}<C{l}^{-}<F^{-}<O{H}^{-}<H_{2}O<SC{N}^{-}<en<N{O}_2^{-}<C{N}^{-}<CO$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Cobalt, Rhodium and Iron atom affect the periodic number has to be discussed.

Concept introduction:

The fact that colour depends on the ligand allows us to create a spectrochemical series, which ranks the ability of a ligand to split $\text{d-orbital}$ energies.

The relative magnitude of $\Delta$ for a series of octahedral complexes of a given metal ion.  As $\Delta$ increases, higher energies (shorter wavelengths) of light must be absorbed to excite electrons.

The spectrochemical series is

  $I^{-}<C{l}^{-}<F^{-}<O{H}^{-}<H_{2}O<SC{N}^{-}<en<N{O}_2^{-}<C{N}^{-}<CO$