Mathematics For Machine Technology
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781337798310
Author: Peterson, John.
Publisher: Cengage Learning,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 23, Problem 1A
Express 5.037 as a percent.
Expert Solution & Answer
To determine
To express the given value in percent.
Answer to Problem 1A
Explanation of Solution
Given information:
A value is given as
Calculation:
We have been given a number as
As we know that to express a number into percentage we shift decimal point two places to the right. i.e.
Hence,
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Students have asked these similar questions
Refer to page 40 for solving a time-optimal control problem.
Instructions:
• Formulate the problem by minimizing the time to reach a target state.
•
Apply Pontryagin's Maximum Principle to derive the optimal control and switching conditions.
• Solve explicitly for the control and state trajectories. Include clear diagrams to visualize the
solution.
Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]
Refer to page 12 for a problem on solving a homogeneous differential equation.
Instructions:
• Simplify the equation into a homogeneous form.
Use appropriate substitutions to reduce complexity.
Solve systematically and verify the final result with clear back-substitutions.
Link:
[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]
Refer to page 36 for solving a bang-bang control problem.
Instructions:
•
Formulate the problem, identifying the control constraints.
•
•
Apply Pontryagin's Maximum Principle to derive the switching conditions.
Clearly illustrate the switching points in the control trajectory. Verify the solution satisfies the
optimality criteria.
Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]
Chapter 23 Solutions
Mathematics For Machine Technology
Ch. 23 - Express 5.037 as a percent.Ch. 23 - Prob. 2ACh. 23 - Prob. 3ACh. 23 - Raise (21.54.3)3 to the indicated power.Ch. 23 - The length, L, of the standard 82° included angle...Ch. 23 - Write the number 107.2004 as words.Ch. 23 - Prob. 7ACh. 23 - Prob. 8ACh. 23 - Find each percentage. Round the answers to 2...Ch. 23 - Prob. 10A
Ch. 23 - Prob. 11ACh. 23 - Prob. 12ACh. 23 - Prob. 13ACh. 23 - Prob. 14ACh. 23 - Prob. 15ACh. 23 - Prob. 16ACh. 23 - Prob. 17ACh. 23 - Prob. 18ACh. 23 - Prob. 19ACh. 23 - Prob. 20ACh. 23 - Prob. 21ACh. 23 - Prob. 22ACh. 23 - Prob. 23ACh. 23 - Prob. 24ACh. 23 - Find each percentage. Round the answers to 2...Ch. 23 - Prob. 26ACh. 23 - Prob. 27ACh. 23 - Find each percent (rate). Round the answers to 2...Ch. 23 - Prob. 29ACh. 23 - Prob. 30ACh. 23 - Prob. 31ACh. 23 - Prob. 32ACh. 23 - Prob. 33ACh. 23 - Prob. 34ACh. 23 - Prob. 35ACh. 23 - Prob. 36ACh. 23 - Prob. 37ACh. 23 - Prob. 38ACh. 23 - Prob. 39ACh. 23 - Prob. 40ACh. 23 - Prob. 41ACh. 23 - Prob. 42ACh. 23 - Prob. 43ACh. 23 - Prob. 44ACh. 23 - Prob. 45ACh. 23 - Prob. 46ACh. 23 - Prob. 47ACh. 23 - Prob. 48ACh. 23 - Prob. 49ACh. 23 - Prob. 50ACh. 23 - Find each base. Round the answers to 2 decimal...Ch. 23 - Prob. 52ACh. 23 - Prob. 53ACh. 23 - Prob. 54ACh. 23 - Prob. 55ACh. 23 - Prob. 56ACh. 23 - Prob. 57ACh. 23 - Prob. 58ACh. 23 - Prob. 59ACh. 23 - Prob. 60ACh. 23 - Prob. 61ACh. 23 - Prob. 62ACh. 23 - Prob. 63ACh. 23 - Prob. 64ACh. 23 - Prob. 65ACh. 23 - Prob. 66ACh. 23 - Prob. 67ACh. 23 - Prob. 68ACh. 23 - Prob. 69ACh. 23 - Prob. 70ACh. 23 - Prob. 71ACh. 23 - Prob. 72ACh. 23 - Prob. 73ACh. 23 - Prob. 74ACh. 23 - Prob. 75ACh. 23 - Prob. 76ACh. 23 - Prob. 77ACh. 23 - Prob. 78A
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- Refer to page 38 for solving an optimal control problem using dynamic programming. Instructions: • Define the value function and derive the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation. • Solve the HJB equation explicitly, showing all intermediate steps and justifications. Verify the solution satisfies the boundary conditions and optimality. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 18 for solving a second-order linear non-homogeneous differential equation. Instructions: Solve the associated homogeneous equation first. Use either the method of undetermined coefficients or variation of parameters for the particular solution. • Provide detailed steps for combining solutions into the general solution. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 24 for solving a differential equation using Laplace transforms. Instructions: Take the Laplace transform of the given equation, applying initial conditions appropriately. ⚫ Solve the resulting algebraic equation and find the inverse transform. Provide step-by-step solutions with intermediate results and final verification. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forward
- Refer to page 30 for deriving the Euler-Lagrange equation for an optimal control problem. Instructions: • Use the calculus of variations to derive the Euler-Lagrange equation. Clearly define the functional being minimized or maximized. Provide step-by-step derivations, including all necessary boundary conditions. Avoid skipping critical explanations. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS3IZ9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 32 for solving a linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) problem. Instructions: • Formulate the cost functional and state-space representation. • Derive the Riccati equation and solve it step-by-step. Clearly explain how the optimal control law is obtained. Ensure all matrix algebra is shown in detail. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 14 for solving a linear first-order differential equation. Instructions: • Convert the equation into its standard linear form. • Use integrating factors to find the solution. Show all steps explicitly, from finding the factor to integrating and simplifying the solution. Link [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forward
- Refer to page 10 for a problem involving solving an exact differential equation. Instructions: • Verify if the equation is exact by testing әм მყ - ƏN მე If not exact, determine an integrating factor to make it exact. • Solve step-by-step, showing all derivations. Avoid irrelevant explanations. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qo Haz b9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 10 for a problem involving solving an exact differential equation. Instructions: Verify exactness carefully. ⚫ If the equation is not exact, find an integrating factor to make it exact. Solve step-by-step and ensure no algebraic steps are skipped. Provide detailed explanations for each transformation. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 34 for deriving and applying Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. Instructions: ⚫ Define the Hamiltonian for the given control problem. • • Derive the necessary conditions for optimality step-by-step, including state and co-state equations. Solve the resulting system of equations explicitly, showing all intermediate steps. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forward
- Refer to page 20 for solving a separable differential equation. Instructions: ⚫ Separate the variables explicitly. • Integrate both sides carefully, showing intermediate steps. • Simplify the final result and provide the explicit or implicit solution as required. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 16 for a problem involving solving a second-order linear homogeneous differential equation. Instructions: • Analyze the characteristic equation and address all possible cases (distinct, repeated, and complex roots). • Show detailed steps for deriving the general solution. • Verify solutions by substitution into the original equation. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardNeed help with question?arrow_forward
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