Seeley's Anatomy & Physiology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260399127
Author: VanPutte, Cinnamon
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 22.6, Problem 57AYP
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The differences between active and passive immunity.
Introduction:
Immunity is defined as the ability of the multicellular organisms to fight against foreign bodies that can be potentially harmful to the organisms. Innate and adaptive immunity are two different types of immunities. The adaptive immunity is further classified as active and passive immunity.
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Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption
1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.
Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable)
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data
(b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data
c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data
(d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip
(e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
(f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo
3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug:
(a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate)
(b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax).
(c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax).
(d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.)
(e)…
Chapter 22 Solutions
Seeley's Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 1AYPCh. 22.2 - Name the parts of the lymphatic system.Ch. 22.2 - How is lympn formed?Ch. 22.2 - Describe the structure of a lymphatic capillary....Ch. 22.2 - What is the function of valves in lymphatic...Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 6AYPCh. 22.2 - Prob. 7AYPCh. 22.2 - Prob. 8AYPCh. 22.2 - Prob. 9AYPCh. 22.2 - Prob. 10AYP
Ch. 22.2 - Describe the structure, function, and location of...Ch. 22.2 - Where are lymph nodes found? Describe the parts of...Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 22.2 - Prob. 14AYPCh. 22.2 - Prob. 15AYPCh. 22.2 - Prob. 16AYPCh. 22.3 - Prob. 17AYPCh. 22.3 - Why do specificity and memory relate to adaptive...Ch. 22.3 - What are the differences between innate immunity...Ch. 22.4 - List the three components of innate immunity.Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 21AYPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 22AYPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 23AYPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 24AYPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 25AYPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 26AYPCh. 22.4 - What effects are produced by the chemicals...Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 28AYPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 29AYPCh. 22.4 - Describe the events that take place during an...Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 31AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 32AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 33AYPCh. 22.5 - What are the two types of adaptive immunity?Ch. 22.5 - Prob. 35AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 36AYPCh. 22.5 - What are the primary lymphatic organs? What are...Ch. 22.5 - Prob. 38AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 39AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 40AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 41AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 42AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 43AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 44AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 45AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 46AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 47AYPCh. 22.5 - What are the functions of the variable and...Ch. 22.5 - Prob. 49AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 50AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 51AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 52AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 53AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 54AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 55AYPCh. 22.5 - Prob. 56AYPCh. 22.6 - Prob. 57AYPCh. 22.6 - Prob. 58AYPCh. 22.6 - Prob. 59AYPCh. 22.6 - Prob. 60AYPCh. 22.7 - Prob. 61AYPCh. 22.8 - Prob. 62AYPCh. 22.9 - What effect does aging have on the major functions...Ch. 22.9 - Prob. 64AYPCh. 22 - The lymphatic system a. removes excess fluid from...Ch. 22 - Which of the following statements is correct? a....Ch. 22 - Prob. 3RACCh. 22 - Prob. 4RACCh. 22 - Prob. 5RACCh. 22 - Prob. 6RACCh. 22 - Prob. 7RACCh. 22 - Prob. 8RACCh. 22 - Macrophages a. are large, phagocytic cells that...Ch. 22 - Which of these cells in the most important in the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 11RACCh. 22 - Antigens a. are foreign substances introduced into...Ch. 22 - Prob. 13RACCh. 22 - Prob. 14RACCh. 22 - Prob. 15RACCh. 22 - Which of these participates in costimulation? a....Ch. 22 - Prob. 17RACCh. 22 - Prob. 18RACCh. 22 - Prob. 19RACCh. 22 - Prob. 20RACCh. 22 - Prob. 21RACCh. 22 - Prob. 22RACCh. 22 - Prob. 23RACCh. 22 - Prob. 24RACCh. 22 - Prob. 25RACCh. 22 - A patient is suffering from edema in the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 2CTCh. 22 - If the thymus of an adult experimental animal is...Ch. 22 - Prob. 4CTCh. 22 - Prob. 5CTCh. 22 - Prob. 6CTCh. 22 - Prob. 7CTCh. 22 - Prob. 8CTCh. 22 - Prob. 9CTCh. 22 - Upon first exposure to an antigen, a sequence of...
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