ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 4/E PAC 1 SEMESTER
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781265061173
Author: McKinley
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Chapter 22.3, Problem 5WDYL
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The role of the skin and mucosal membranes in the body’s defenses.
Concept introduction:
The skin maintains the pH in acidic condition to prevent the entry of microbes and mucosal membrane secrets some mucous secretion, which prevents the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Both skin and mucosal membranes act as physical barriers for the foreign microorganism.
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Students have asked these similar questions
What is the difference between non-specific and specific defenses? Contrast the two methods of defense, why are they important ?
The correct order of words to describe how innate
immune response responds to a pathogen that has
gotten by the physical and chemical barriers is:
À) Skin, Saliva, Cytokines, Macrophage
B)Macrophage, Cytokines, Neutrophil, Natural Killer
Cell
C) Neutrophil, Cytokines, Killer T Cell, Antibodies
D) Antigen, Macrophage, B Cell, Killer T Cell
List examples of the body’s innate defenses.
Chapter 22 Solutions
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 4/E PAC 1 SEMESTER
Ch. 22.1 - Which pathogen must enter a cell to replicate?...Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 2WDYLCh. 22.2 - What is the definition of a cytokine? How are...Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 4WDYLCh. 22.3 - Prob. 5WDYLCh. 22.3 - Prob. 6WDYLCh. 22.3 - Prob. 7WDYLCh. 22.3 - How do NK cells accomplish the task of eliminating...Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 9WDYLCh. 22.3 - Prob. 10WDYL
Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 11WDYLCh. 22.3 - Prob. 12WDYLCh. 22.4 - Prob. 13WDYLCh. 22.4 - What distinguishes a hapten from an antigen?Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 15WDYLCh. 22.4 - Which type of MHC class molecules is found on all...Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 17WDYLCh. 22.5 - Prob. 18WDYLCh. 22.5 - What would happen if a thymocyte that failed the...Ch. 22.5 - Prob. 20WDYLCh. 22.6 - Prob. 21WDYLCh. 22.6 - How do cytokines released by helper T-lymphocytes...Ch. 22.6 - Prob. 23WDYLCh. 22.6 - Prob. 24WDYLCh. 22.6 - Prob. 25WDYLCh. 22.7 - Prob. 26WDYLCh. 22.7 - Prob. 27WDYLCh. 22.7 - Prob. 28WDYLCh. 22.8 - Prob. 29WDYLCh. 22.8 - What are the six major functions of antibodies?...Ch. 22.8 - Which subclass of antibodies is most prevalent?...Ch. 22.9 - Prob. 32WDYLCh. 22.9 - Prob. 33WDYLCh. 22.9 - Prob. 34WDYLCh. 22 - _____ 1. All of the following are phagocytic cells...Ch. 22 - _____ 2. This cell releases cytokines to activate...Ch. 22 - _____ 3. This cell is activated by binding...Ch. 22 - _____ 4. These two cells destroy an infected cell...Ch. 22 - _____ 5. All of the following are functions of...Ch. 22 - _____ 6. The four characteristics of adaptive...Ch. 22 - _____ 7. During which process does additional...Ch. 22 - _____ 8. This chemical is released by...Ch. 22 - _____ 9. The correct sequence of the major events...Ch. 22 - Prob. 10DYKBCh. 22 - Compare the general characteristics of innate...Ch. 22 - Define the inflammatory response, and explain its...Ch. 22 - Describe an antigen.Ch. 22 - Describe class I and class II MHC molecules, and...Ch. 22 - Prob. 15DYKBCh. 22 - Prob. 16DYKBCh. 22 - Explain the general function of cytotoxic...Ch. 22 - Describe both the function of antibodies and...Ch. 22 - There are two branches of adaptive immunity:...Ch. 22 - Prob. 20DYKBCh. 22 - Prob. 1CALCh. 22 - Prob. 2CALCh. 22 - Prob. 3CALCh. 22 - Prob. 4CALCh. 22 - Prob. 5CALCh. 22 - Prob. 1CSLCh. 22 - Prob. 2CSLCh. 22 - Prob. 3CSL
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- How do the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory system provide defenses against invading pathogens?arrow_forwardThe circulating cytokines that recruit large numbers of phagocytes to the area of inflammation, resulting in pus, are called: O1) pyogens O 2) pyrogens 3) interferons O 4) defensinsarrow_forwardWhat is the difference between an allergy and an autoimmune response?arrow_forward
- 4) A patient has their spleen removed due to an accident. How will this affect the immune response? 5) You come in contact with staphylococci through a cut. What cellular features will the immune cells recognize? 6) Name two opsonins and how do these molecules help the immune response? 7) Fever is part of the inflammatory process. What is the role of fever during an immune response? 8) This chemical is used to induce anti-viral responses in cells to protect the cells from viral infections. 9) This complement activation pathway is activated when complement binds to an antibody bound to antigens.arrow_forwardWhich is not applicable to innate immunity? A) O t is faster than adaptive immunity in responding to pathogens B) )Olt can involve toll-like receptors C) O It may use complement to kill pathogens. D) O The inflammatory response is part of innate immunity. E) O It can make one resistant to future infections.arrow_forwardWhat is innate immunity? List the four types of barriers which protect the body from the entry of the foreign agents.arrow_forward
- Helper T cells: A) produce antibodies B) can act as memory cells C) initiate both the cell mediated response and the humoral response D) all of the abovearrow_forwardThe body's innate defenses include all of the following EXCEPT? A. The skin B. Inflammation C. Mucous membrane lining the intestine D. Antibodiesarrow_forwardCompared with innate defenses, adaptive defenses, (a) do not discriminate between one threat and another. (b) are always present at birth. (c) provide protection against threats on an individual basis. (d) deny entry of pathogens to the body.arrow_forward
- Which of the following happens during inflammation? A) O The capillaries supplying blood to the area become more permeable. B)O Certain cytokines cause deadened nerve endings, alleviating pain. C) O Neutrophils exit blood vessels and phagocytize cells in the infected area. 11) D.OB cells and T cells exit blood vessels and interact with pathogens. E) O two of the above are correctarrow_forwardWhich of the following lists contains cells that are typically considered to be associated with the innate immune response? Question 14 options: A) neutrophils, macrophages, T cells B) neutrophils, macrophages, NK cells C) B cells, T cells, and NK cells D) basophils, T cells, mast cellsarrow_forwardWhat statements are correct about the innate immune system? O A) It is present from birth B) It is very specific, and has a memory C) It acts in the same way on all microorganisms D) It is active before an infection occurs O E) A, B, and O F) A, C, and Darrow_forward
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