College Physics
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305952300
Author: Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 22.2, Problem 22.1QQ
Which part of Figure 22.3, (a) or (b), better shows specular reflection of light from the roadway?
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In a science fiction story, a major character pilots his own spacecraft, which is propelled by a stellar sail. As
shown in the figure (not drawn to scale) a stellar sail is a large reflecting sheet attached to a spacecraft, much
like an ordinary cloth sail is attached to a boat. Light from the star reflects off the sail, exerting a force on the
sail. In the story, the spacecraft is small, and the single passenger sits in a small capsule. The trip is a short
one, and there are no facilities in the capsule for rest, exercise, or nourishment. So we estimate the mass of
the spacecraft, including the passenger and the stellar sail, to be m = 7000 kg. We further estimate the area
of the stellar sail to be A = 8000 m2. Say that the mass of the star is M = 8 M, and its luminosity is
L = 2170 Le, where the subscript o stands for the Sun. The mass of the Sun and its luminosity are
1.99 x 1030 kg and 3.84 x 1026 w, respectively. Find an approximate expression for the net force…
answer a b c...typing
Unpolarized light is passed through an optical filter that is oriented in the vertical direction.
1)If the incident intensity of the light is 86 W/m^2, what is the intensity of the light that emerges from the filter? (Express your answer to two significant figures.)
Chapter 22 Solutions
College Physics
Ch. 22.2 - Which part of Figure 22.3, (a) or (b), better...Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 22.2QQCh. 22.3 - A material has an index of refraction that...Ch. 22.3 - As light travels from a vacuum (n = 1) to a medium...Ch. 22 - Prob. 1CQCh. 22 - A ray of light passes from one material into a...Ch. 22 - Prob. 3CQCh. 22 - Prob. 4CQCh. 22 - Determine whether each of the following statements...Ch. 22 - A type of mirage called a pingo is often observed...
Ch. 22 - In dispersive materials, the angle of refraction...Ch. 22 - The level of water in a clear, colorless glass can...Ch. 22 - Prob. 9CQCh. 22 - Light in medium A undergoes a total internal...Ch. 22 - Prob. 11CQCh. 22 - Try this simple experiment on your own. Take two...Ch. 22 - Prob. 13CQCh. 22 - Prob. 14CQCh. 22 - A light ray containing both blue and red...Ch. 22 - During the Apollo XI Moon landing, a...Ch. 22 - Prob. 2PCh. 22 - Prob. 3PCh. 22 - Prob. 4PCh. 22 - Prob. 5PCh. 22 - Find the speed of light in (a) water, (b) crown...Ch. 22 - A ray of light travels from air into another...Ch. 22 - Prob. 8PCh. 22 - An underwater scuba diver sees the Sun at an...Ch. 22 - Prob. 10PCh. 22 - A laser beam is incident at an angle of 30.0 to...Ch. 22 - Light containing wavelengths of 400. nm, 500. nm,...Ch. 22 - A ray of light is incident on the surface of a...Ch. 22 - Prob. 14PCh. 22 - The light emitted by a helium-neon laser has a...Ch. 22 - Figure P22.16 shows a light ray traveling in a...Ch. 22 - Prob. 17PCh. 22 - A ray of light strikes a flat, 2.00-cm-thick block...Ch. 22 - Prob. 19PCh. 22 - Prob. 20PCh. 22 - A man shines a flashlight from a boat into the...Ch. 22 - A narrow beam of ultra-sonic waves reflects off...Ch. 22 - A person looking into an empty container is able...Ch. 22 - Prob. 24PCh. 22 - Prob. 25PCh. 22 - Prob. 26PCh. 22 - An opaque cylindrical tank with an open top has a...Ch. 22 - A certain kind of glass has an index of refraction...Ch. 22 - The index of refraction for red light in water is...Ch. 22 - The index of refraction for crown glass is 1.512...Ch. 22 - A light beam containing red and violet wavelengths...Ch. 22 - Prob. 32PCh. 22 - A ray of light strikes the midpoint of one face of...Ch. 22 - For light of wavelength 589 nm. calculate the...Ch. 22 - Repeat Problem 34, but this time assume the...Ch. 22 - A beam of light is incident from air on the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 37PCh. 22 - Prob. 38PCh. 22 - A light ray is incident normally to the long face...Ch. 22 - Prob. 40PCh. 22 - A room contains air in which the speed of sound is...Ch. 22 - Prob. 42PCh. 22 - The light beam in Figure P22.43 strikes surface 2...Ch. 22 - Prob. 44PCh. 22 - A layer of ice having parallel sides floats on...Ch. 22 - A ray of light is incident at an angle 30.0 on a...Ch. 22 - When a man stands near the edge of an empty...Ch. 22 - Prob. 48APCh. 22 - Refraction causes objects submerged in water to...Ch. 22 - A narrow beam of light is incident from air onto a...Ch. 22 - Prob. 51APCh. 22 - Endoscopes are medical instruments used to examine...Ch. 22 - A piece of wire is bent through an angle . The...Ch. 22 - Prob. 54APCh. 22 - Prob. 55APCh. 22 - Prob. 56APCh. 22 - Prob. 57APCh. 22 - Students allow a narrow beam of laser light to...Ch. 22 - Prob. 59APCh. 22 - Three sheets of plastic have unknown indices of...Ch. 22 - A person swimming underwater on a bright day and...Ch. 22 - Prob. 62AP
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- Equation 24.14 assumes the incident light is in air. If the light is incident from a medium of index n1 onto a medium of index n2, follow the procedure used to derive Equation 24.14 to show that tan p = n2/n1.arrow_forwardThe index of refraction for water is about 43. What happens as a beam of light travels from air into water? (a) Its speed increases to 43c, and its frequency decreases. (b) Its speed decreases to 34c, and its wavelength decreases by a factor of 34. (c) Its speed decreases to 34c, and its wavelength increases by a factor of 43. (d) Its speed and frequency remain the same. (e) Its speed decreases to 34c, and its frequency increases.arrow_forwardLight passes from a material with index of refraction 1.3 into one with index of refraction 1.2. Compared with the incident ray, what happens to the refracted ray? (a) It bends toward the normal. (b) It is undeflected. (c) It bends away from the normal.arrow_forward
- A flashlight is directed at the flat side of a piece of glass with an index of refraction of 1.50. The light travels through air. Calculate the angle of incidence that results in perfectly polarized light. What is the name of this angle?arrow_forwardA light ray strikes a 10-cm-thick glass pane, making a 30° angle to the perpendicular to the glass as it enters. When the ray reemerges into air on the other side of the pane, how much has it been displaced from where it would have been if the glass weren't there (this is the distance d indicated in the figure below)? A 1.25 cm B 2.23 cm C 1.94 cm D 2.46 cmarrow_forwardCan someone help me please?arrow_forward
- 22arrow_forwardUnpolarized light with an intensity of 98W/m^2 passes through two polarizing filters. If the light that emerges from the second filter has an intensity of 14W/m^2, what is the angle between the two filters?arrow_forwardSunlight and star light passing into and through the earth’s atmosphere is alwaysbent towards the vertical (normal). Does this mean the star is not where it appearsto be?arrow_forward
- The speed of yellow light (from a sodium lamp) in a certain liquid is measured to be 1.2 X 10^8 m/s. What is the index of refraction of this liquid for the light?arrow_forwardA lightbulb is immersed in water. Light travels out in all directions from the bulb, but only some of the light escapes the water's surface (see figure attached which happens to be for a glass/air interface instead of a water/air interface). What happens to the fraction f of light that escapes the water's surface as the bulb is moved deeper into the water? (assume the light is not absorbed by the water itself). a. f remains the same. b. f increases. c. f decreases. d. the answer depends on the index of refraction of the water.arrow_forwardOn a sunny summer day, with the sun overhead, you can stand under a tree and look on the ground at the pattern of light that has passed throughgaps between the leaves. You may see illuminated circles of varying brightness. Why are there circles, when the gaps between the leaves have irregular shapes?arrow_forward
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