College Physics
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305952300
Author: Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 22, Problem 6CQ
A type of mirage called a pingo is often observed in Alaska. Pingos occur when the light from a small hill passes to an observer by a path that takes the light over a body of water warmer than the air. What is seen is the hill and an inverted image directly below it. Explain how these mirages are formed.
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A type of mirage called a pingo is often observed in Alaska. Pingos occur when the light from a small hill passes to an observer by a path that takes the light over a body of water warmer than the air. What is seen is the hill and an inverted image directly below it. Explain how these mirages are formed.
There is an interesting optical effect you have likely noticed while driving along a flat stretch of road on a sunny day. A small, distant dip in the road appears to be filled with water. You may even see the reflection of an oncoming car. But, as you get closer, you find no puddle of water after all;the shimmering surface vanishes, and you see nothing but empty road. It was only a mirage, the name for this phenomenon. The mirage is due to the different index of refraction of hot and cool air. The actual bending of the light rays that produces the mirage is subtle, but we can make a simple model as follows. When air is heated, its density decreases and so does its index of refraction. Consequently, a pocket of hot air in a dip in a road has a lower index of refraction than the cooler air above it. Incident light rays with large angles of incidence (that is, nearly parallel to the road, as shown) experience total internal reflection. The mirage that you see is due to thisreflection. As…
There is an interesting optical effect you have likely noticed while driving along a flat stretch of road on a sunny day. A small, distant dip in the road appears to be filled with water. You may even see the reflection of an oncoming car. But, as you get closer, you find no puddle of water after all;the shimmering surface vanishes, and you see nothing but empty road. It was only a mirage, the name for this phenomenon. The mirage is due to the different index of refraction of hot and cool air. The actual bending of the light rays that produces the mirage is subtle, but we can make a simple model as follows. When air is heated, its density decreases and so does its index of refraction. Consequently, a pocket of hot air in a dip in a road has a lower index of refraction than the cooler air above it. Incident light rays with large angles of incidence (that is, nearly parallel to the road, as shown) experience total internal reflection. The mirage that you see is due to thisreflection. As…
Chapter 22 Solutions
College Physics
Ch. 22.2 - Which part of Figure 22.3, (a) or (b), better...Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 22.2QQCh. 22.3 - A material has an index of refraction that...Ch. 22.3 - As light travels from a vacuum (n = 1) to a medium...Ch. 22 - Prob. 1CQCh. 22 - A ray of light passes from one material into a...Ch. 22 - Prob. 3CQCh. 22 - Prob. 4CQCh. 22 - Determine whether each of the following statements...Ch. 22 - A type of mirage called a pingo is often observed...
Ch. 22 - In dispersive materials, the angle of refraction...Ch. 22 - The level of water in a clear, colorless glass can...Ch. 22 - Prob. 9CQCh. 22 - Light in medium A undergoes a total internal...Ch. 22 - Prob. 11CQCh. 22 - Try this simple experiment on your own. Take two...Ch. 22 - Prob. 13CQCh. 22 - Prob. 14CQCh. 22 - A light ray containing both blue and red...Ch. 22 - During the Apollo XI Moon landing, a...Ch. 22 - Prob. 2PCh. 22 - Prob. 3PCh. 22 - Prob. 4PCh. 22 - Prob. 5PCh. 22 - Find the speed of light in (a) water, (b) crown...Ch. 22 - A ray of light travels from air into another...Ch. 22 - Prob. 8PCh. 22 - An underwater scuba diver sees the Sun at an...Ch. 22 - Prob. 10PCh. 22 - A laser beam is incident at an angle of 30.0 to...Ch. 22 - Light containing wavelengths of 400. nm, 500. nm,...Ch. 22 - A ray of light is incident on the surface of a...Ch. 22 - Prob. 14PCh. 22 - The light emitted by a helium-neon laser has a...Ch. 22 - Figure P22.16 shows a light ray traveling in a...Ch. 22 - Prob. 17PCh. 22 - A ray of light strikes a flat, 2.00-cm-thick block...Ch. 22 - Prob. 19PCh. 22 - Prob. 20PCh. 22 - A man shines a flashlight from a boat into the...Ch. 22 - A narrow beam of ultra-sonic waves reflects off...Ch. 22 - A person looking into an empty container is able...Ch. 22 - Prob. 24PCh. 22 - Prob. 25PCh. 22 - Prob. 26PCh. 22 - An opaque cylindrical tank with an open top has a...Ch. 22 - A certain kind of glass has an index of refraction...Ch. 22 - The index of refraction for red light in water is...Ch. 22 - The index of refraction for crown glass is 1.512...Ch. 22 - A light beam containing red and violet wavelengths...Ch. 22 - Prob. 32PCh. 22 - A ray of light strikes the midpoint of one face of...Ch. 22 - For light of wavelength 589 nm. calculate the...Ch. 22 - Repeat Problem 34, but this time assume the...Ch. 22 - A beam of light is incident from air on the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 37PCh. 22 - Prob. 38PCh. 22 - A light ray is incident normally to the long face...Ch. 22 - Prob. 40PCh. 22 - A room contains air in which the speed of sound is...Ch. 22 - Prob. 42PCh. 22 - The light beam in Figure P22.43 strikes surface 2...Ch. 22 - Prob. 44PCh. 22 - A layer of ice having parallel sides floats on...Ch. 22 - A ray of light is incident at an angle 30.0 on a...Ch. 22 - When a man stands near the edge of an empty...Ch. 22 - Prob. 48APCh. 22 - Refraction causes objects submerged in water to...Ch. 22 - A narrow beam of light is incident from air onto a...Ch. 22 - Prob. 51APCh. 22 - Endoscopes are medical instruments used to examine...Ch. 22 - A piece of wire is bent through an angle . The...Ch. 22 - Prob. 54APCh. 22 - Prob. 55APCh. 22 - Prob. 56APCh. 22 - Prob. 57APCh. 22 - Students allow a narrow beam of laser light to...Ch. 22 - Prob. 59APCh. 22 - Three sheets of plastic have unknown indices of...Ch. 22 - A person swimming underwater on a bright day and...Ch. 22 - Prob. 62AP
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- The end of a solid glass rod of refractive index 1.50 is polished to have the shape of a hemispherical surface of radius 1.0 cm. A small object is placed in air (refractive index 1.00) on the axis 5.0 cm to the left of the vertex. Determine the position of the image.arrow_forward(a) Under what conditions is a mirage formed? While driving on a hot day, sometimes you see what appears to be water on the road far ahead. When you arrive at the location of the water, however, the road is perfectly dry. Explain this phenomenon, (b) The mirage called fata morgana often occurs over water or in cold regions covered with snow or ice. It can cause islands to sometimes become visible, even though they are not normally visible because they are below the horizon due to the curvature of the Earth. Explain this phenomenon.arrow_forwardCurved glassair interfaces like those observed in an empty shot glass make it possible for total internal reflection to occur at the shot glasss internal surface. Consider a glass cylinder (n = 1.54) with an outer radius of 2.50 cm and an inner radius of 2.00 cm as shown in Figure P38.105. Find the minimum angle i such that there is total internal reflection at the inner surface of the shot glass. FIGURE P38.105 Problems 105 and 106.arrow_forward
- There is an interesting optical effect you have likely noticed while driving along a flat stretch of road on a sunny day. A small, distant dip in the road appears to be filled with water. You may even see the reflection of an oncoming car. But, as you get closer, you find no puddle of water after all;the shimmering surface vanishes, and you see nothing but empty road. It was only a mirage, the name for this phenomenon. The mirage is due to the different index of refraction of hot and cool air. The actual bending of the light rays that produces the mirage is subtle, but we can make a simple model as follows. When air is heated, its density decreases and so does its index of refraction. Consequently, a pocket of hot air in a dip in a road has a lower index of refraction than the cooler air above it. Incident light rays with large angles of incidence (that is, nearly parallel to the road, as shown) experience total internal reflection. The mirage that you see is due to thisreflection. As…arrow_forwardQuestions 20 through 22 are concerned with the situation sketched as shown, in which a beam of light in the air encounters a transparent block with index of refraction n = 1.53. Some of the light is reflected and some is refracted. Is there an angle of incidence between 0° and 90° such that all of the light will be reflected?A. Yes, at an angle greater than 50°B. Yes, at an angle less than 50°C. Noarrow_forwardIs Light Reflected or Refracted? When light propagates through two adjacent materials that have different optical properties, some interesting phenomena occur at the interface separating the two materials. For example, consider a ray of light that travels from air into the water of a lake. As the ray strikes the air-water interface (the surface of the lake), it is partly reflected back into the air and partly refracted or transmitted into the water. This explains why on the surface of a lake sometimes you see the reflection of the surrounding landscape and other times the underwater vegetation. These effects on light propagation occur because light travels at different speeds depending on the medium. The index of refraction of a material, denoted by n. gives an indication of the speed of light in the material. It is defined as the ratio of the speed of light e in vacuum to the speed in the material, or n = { Figure incident ray interface. €₂ reflected ray refracted ▾ When light…arrow_forward
- A bear is sitting on a rock in the middle of a calm river when he observes a fish directly below. If the apparent depth of the fish is 1.1 m, what is the actual depth at which the fish is swimming? The index of refraction of water is 1.33.arrow_forwardA certain species of fish is startled whenever it notices another animal 20 cm away, and quickly flees. A fish of this species is in a cubic aquarium 5 cm away from the inside of the glass while a person approaches to observe it more closely. The glass has n = 1.55 and is 3 cm thick. Consider that the person moves facing the fish and that the refractive index of the water is 1.33. There is a first image of the person produced by refraction in the glass, and this image in turn acts as the object to produce a second image by refraction in the water. (a) When the fish is startled and runs away, at what distance from the water/glass interface must the first image be? (b) How far from the outer surface of the aquarium is the person when this happens?arrow_forward99. Subject :- Physicsarrow_forward
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Laws of Refraction of Light | Don't Memorise; Author: Don't Memorise;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4l2thi5_84o;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY