Concept explainers
Pick the keyword from the given list: The parallel arrangement of mineral grains that can occur in a metamorphism rock as a consequence of pressure.
Answer to Problem AM
Explanation of Solution
Metamorphism is the process in which mineral content, structure or both of a rock is changed but the rock remains solid. All sedimentary and igneous rocks can be metamorphosed.
Any metamorphic rock can be subjected to further metamorphism. Heat, pressure and chemically reactive hot-water solutions are the agents of metamorphism. The resulting metamorphic rock depends on the composition of the parent rock.
In regional metamorphism, the rocks undergo intense deformation during mountain building. In this type of metamorphism, the mineral grains are elongated, flattened and aligned perpendicular to the direction of the directed pressure.
The flattened minerals grains become aligned parallel to one another, this type of arrangement of minerals grains in a pronounced layering of rock caused by regional metamorphism. This type of pronounced layering of the rock is called foliation.
Conclusion:
Therefore, the word Foliation can be picked from the list.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 22 Solutions
Bundle: An Introduction to Physical Science, 14th Loose-leaf Version + WebAssign Printed Access Card, Single Term. Shipman/Wilson/Higgins/Torres
- Which metamorphic change is brought about primarily by heat? (22.6) (a) shear (b) contact (c) hydrothermal (d) regionalarrow_forward13. How deep in the crust is 10 kbar? Lithostatic pressure within the crusts results from the weight of the rocks above. Assume an average density of 2750 kg/m3. Use the equation P=p*g*h or P/(p *g)=h 23kPa/m P=pressure (e.g. kbar), p=density, g-gravity 9.8 m/s2, h= depth (m), 1 kbar=1,000 bars, 1 bar=100,000 Pa, 1 Pa=kg/(m*s2), 1 kbar =100,000,000 Pa, 1 km =1000 m. Give your answer in kilometers.arrow_forward3. Draw a sketch of the Rock Cycle and describe the main processes.arrow_forward
- 1) Distinguish between the mantle and the inner core. 2) Explain in your own words how the Earth's layers were formed. 3) Explain what cause the mantle to "flow"? 4) What are the two main metals that make up the outer and inner core?arrow_forwardHow does sedimentary rock from the ocean floor sometimes end up in highland and mountainous regions on the Earth? (22.5) (a) Sedimentary rock is commonly made inside volcanoes. (b) Wind and water carry the sediment to the mountaintops. (c) It is believed that asteroid impacts probably caused the sedimentary rock to move great distances. (d) The sedimentary rock was uplifted by powerful forces to form mountain chains.arrow_forwardRocks solidified from molten material, either below or above ground, are classified as ___ rocks. (22.2)arrow_forward
- What are the limits of the Mohs scale? Give an example mineral at each limit.arrow_forwardNon-Foliated metamorphic rocks are usually found near a. Glaciers b. Intrusive ingenious rock c. Oceans d. Lava Flowsarrow_forwardWhich must be true for metamorphism to occur? A) The parent rock must be in solid form. B) Tons of pressure must be applied. C) The process must take place underground. D) All the abovearrow_forward
- Suppose a team of scientists is studying the formation of an island chain generated by four extinct volcanoes. To determine when each volcano became extinct, the scientists calculated the age of the youngest layer of igneous rocks on each island. After a recent research trip, the identifying tag of a sample rock was lost. The scientists ask you to help identify the sample rock's parent volcano. The scientists give you some information. 1) The initial ratio of strontium-87 to strontium-86 in the rock was 0.7129. 2) The decay constant, 1, for rubidium-87 is 1.42 x 10-1!. 3) The current isotope concentrations in the rock are 8" Sr = 126 ppm, 8'Rb = 218 ppm, and 8ºSr = 175 ppm. %3D Use the isochron equation to calculate the approximate age of the mystery rock. 87. Sto + 87 Sr [edr – 1] 86 Sr, 86 86 Where possible, retain at least four significant figures throughout your calculations, and round your final answer to the nearest 100 million years. million years t =arrow_forward5. The "iceberg analogy" for the isostatic equilibrium of the continental crust turns out to be quite the relative density of icebergs versus seawater is close to the relative density of continental crust versus mantle. Glacial ice is about 15% less dense than seawater; likewise continental crust is about 15% less dense than the mantle. This leads to a simple rule that we can call the 1-to-8 rule: for every 1 unit of extra elevation for an iceberg or a mountain belt, there need to be 8 units of total thickness. These iceberg examples illustrate the idea: an iceberg 3 meters above sea level is 24 meters thick an iceberg 1 meter above sea level is 8 meters thick an iceberg 2 meters above sea level is 16 meters thick 3m 2m water level 1m >7m 14m 21m For the following questions, apply the 1-to-8 rule, assuming continental crust in isostatic equilibrium. a. Continental crust at sea level averages about 35 kilometers thick. (1 km = 0.6 miles.) Therefore, in general, how thick must the crust…arrow_forward1. What is relative dating? 2. What is the law of superposition? 3. What is the law of original horizontally?arrow_forward
- An Introduction to Physical SciencePhysicsISBN:9781305079137Author:James Shipman, Jerry D. Wilson, Charles A. Higgins, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage LearningHorizons: Exploring the Universe (MindTap Course ...PhysicsISBN:9781305960961Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana BackmanPublisher:Cengage Learning