
Concept explainers
Introduction:
Evolution of the earth was happened through number of eras; billions of years ago. Significant changes were observed through each and every era. Plants, animals and all the living organisms evolved throughout the evolution and evolution is a continuous process which never last. An era refers to indicate a long period of time which is marked by the beginning and end of a significant event. A period refers to a large interval of time with a definite characteristics and period is a subdivided area which comes under era. Hominoids were the recent ancestors of humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans and gibbons. Hominins were a subset of hominoids which includes modern humans, extinct human species and the immediate ancestors of the modern humans.

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Chapter 22 Solutions
Principles of Biology
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