Chapter 22, Problem 7R

Summary Introduction

To identify:

The portal of entry of H. influenza, C. tetani, botulinum toxin, M. leprae, poliovirus, Lyssavirus, arboviruses, and Acanthamoeba.

Concept introduction:

Microorganisms that have the ability to cause infectious diseases are called as pathogens. Such microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, virus, and protozoa. Illness in an individual is caused either by disturbing the normal metabolic activity of the host or by inducing the host’s immune system to produce a response. Infectious agents are transmitted by direct contact (person-to-person) or indirect contact (water-borne, food-borne, air-borne, soil-borne, fomite-borne, vector-borne, and zoonoses). Infectious diseases are responsible for the high frequency of human morbidity and mortality world-wide. Pathogenic bacteria have developed a wide range of mechanisms to infect the human system. Such pathogens have the ability to colonize and invade organs of the human system and ultimately leading to serious diseases in human.