Electricity for the Trades
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781260437386
Author: Petruzella, Frank
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2.2, Problem 5RQ
Conductors have incomplete valence shell of _______, _______, or _______ electrons.
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Problem 1: Two-Force Equilibrium
A 12 kg traffic light is suspended by two cables
attached to a ceiling. Determine the force in Cable 1
(AB) and Cable 2 (AC). In other words, determine the
tension in each cable, assuming the system is in static
equilibrium.
B
If the Z-axis changes, what is the effect
A circularly polarized wave, traveling in the +z-direction, is received by an elliptically
polarized antenna whose reception characteristics near the main lobe are given approx-
imately by
E₁ = (2â, + jâ] f(r. 8. d)
Find the polarization loss factor PLF (dimensionless and in dB) when the incident wave
is
(a) right-hand (CW)
(b) left-hand (CCW)
An elliptically polarized wave traveling in the negative z-direction is received by a circularly polarized
antenna. The vector describing the polarization of the incident wave is given by Ei= 2ax + jay .Find the
polarization loss factor PLF (dimensionless and in dB) when the wave that would be transmitted by the
antenna is (a) right-hand CP (b) left-hand CP.
Medium 1 is a lossless dielectric (ε₁=ε,ε, μ₁=μ₁, σ₁=0)
Medium 2 is a lossless dielectric (ε=&&₂, μ=μ₁, σ₁=0)
[бг Мо о =
= 0]
[2 Mo σ₂ = 0]
E₁ (z) = Ele² + Пe+jB₁²]
E2 (z) = E Te² and
tot
= constant
1. For the case εr1 = 1, &r2= 16, E₁x=1 V/m and a frequency f = 750 MHz determine:
λι
=
n₁ =
22 =
n2=
r =
T=
2. The magnitude |E1 tot (z)| will show an interference pattern in region 1 as:
E˜(z)=E,{1+Te®®]e¯MS =E||{1+Te^^^^\]e=##} | = |E|+Texp(j)
For an incident field E₁x=1 V/m SKETCH the magnitude of E1 tot (z)| and |E20 (z) on the graph
below. Plot the values at 2/4 increments and sketch between. What is the SWR?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Electricity for the Trades
Ch. 2.1 - What three particles can be found within an atom?Ch. 2.1 - Which particle has a negative charge and rotates...Ch. 2.1 - Which particle of an atom has a positive charge?Ch. 2.1 - Compare the size and mass (weight) of the electron...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 5RQCh. 2.1 - Normally every atom contains an ___________ number...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 7RQCh. 2.1 - Prob. 8RQCh. 2.1 - Prob. 9RQCh. 2.1 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 2.2 - _________ electrons are found in the outermost...Ch. 2.2 - Whenever a valence electron is removed from its...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 3RQCh. 2.2 - Conductors offer _________ resistance to current...Ch. 2.2 - Conductors have incomplete valence shell of...Ch. 2.2 - Insulators have few, if any, _______ electrons.Ch. 2.2 - Semiconductors have some of the characteristics of...Ch. 2.2 - Two examples of pure semiconductor materials are...Ch. 2.2 - Explain the main characteristic of a semiconductor...Ch. 2.2 - What is voltage similar to?Ch. 2.2 - Electric current refers to the flow of _________...Ch. 2.2 - Compare the resistance of a conductor with that of...Ch. 2.2 - What does the circuit of a simple battery-operated...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 14RQ
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- 11-2) Now consider that white noise (i.e., noise with a PSD that is constant with frequency) is introduced in the channel of the system described in the previous problem. An ideal low pass filter is used at the receiver input to reduce the noise as much as possible, while transmitting the desired signal. (a) By what factor should the cutoff frequency of the noise reduction filter be reduced in the 16-PAM case, compared to binary? (b) By what factor will the noise power at the decision circuit be reduced in the 16-PAM case? (c) By what factor will the noise amplitude at the decision circuit be reduced in the 16-PAM case? (d) To obtain the same symbol error rate for 16-PAM as for binary, how should the minimum level spacing for 16-PAM compare to binary? (e) If the 16-PAM level spacing is adjusted according to part (d) above, by what factor will the average signal power be increased in the 16-PAM case, compared to binary?arrow_forward11-1) similar to Lathi & Ding, Prob. P.6.7-5 Data at a bit rate Rb must be transmitted using either binary NRZ polar signaling or 16-ary PAM NRZ polar signaling. (a) By what factor will the symbol rate be reduced in the 16-PAM case? (b) By what factor will bandwidth required from the (lowpass) channel be reduced in the 16-PAM case? (c) Assuming the minimum spacing between pulse levels must be the same in both cases, by what factor will the average power be increased in the 16-PAM case? [Hint: take the pulse amplitudes to be ±A in the binary case, and ±A, ±3A, ±5A,..., ±154, and recall that scaling pulse amplitude by a factor k scales the pulse energy by a factor R². Assume that the data is random, so that all 16 levels are equally likely, and that the same pulse shape is used in both cases.] Warning: Solutions to the textbook problem that are posted online are mostly wrong. Work it out for yourself.arrow_forward11-3) similar to Lathi & Ding, Prob. P.6.8-1 Consider the carrier modulator shown in the figure below, which transmits a binary carrier signal. The baseband generator uses polar NRZ signaling with rectangular pulses. The data rate is 8 Mbit/s. (a) If the modulator generates a binary PSK signal, what is the bandwidth of the modulated output? (b) If the modulator generates FSK with the difference fel - fco = 6 MHz (cf. Fig 6.32c), determine the modulated signal bandwidth. Binary data source Baseband signal generator Modulated output Modulator N-E---arrow_forward
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