MindTap Economics, 1 term (6 months) Printed Access Card for Mankiw's Principles of Macroeconomics, 8th (MindTap Course List)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781337096591
Author: N. Gregory Mankiw
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 22, Problem 4PA
Subpart (a):
To determine
Economy’s short-run and long-run Phillips curves.
Subpart (b):
To determine
Economy’s short-run and long-run Phillips curves.
Subpart (c):
To determine
Economy’s short-run and long-run Phillips curves.
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If the economy has rational expectations and the model is sticky price model. Could you explain why the following statement true in macroeconomics?
Consider an economy that is initially in its long-run equilibrium. Suppose this economy suffers a temporary negative supply shock. If the central bank’s sole objective is to stabilize output in the short-run, then what will happen after the central bank has responded according to its objective?
A.
Inflation will be lower, output will back at its original level
B.
Inflation will be lower, output will be lower
C.
Inflation will be higher, output will be higher
D.
Inflation will be lower, output will be higher
E.
Inflation will be higher, output will be lower
F.
Inflation will be higher, output will back at its original level
a. According to the Misperceptions theory, what would be the effect of an unanticipated monetary expansion shock on real interest rate (r), real output (Y), and price level (P) in the short and in the long-run? Why? Explain with details.b. Does your answer change if the shock is expected/anticipated? Why? Show how.
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MindTap Economics, 1 term (6 months) Printed Access Card for Mankiw's Principles of Macroeconomics, 8th (MindTap Course List)
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- Monetary Policy: End of Chapter Problem 28a Central bankers must manage expectations. Suppose that inflation is running at 10% and the central banker would like to lower inflation to 2% without reducing real growth. What should the central banker tell the public? And at what level should the central banker set money growth? Adjust the graph to show how the central banker's policy will affect the economy, assuming people believe the central bank will do as it says. Label the new equilibrium with point b. Assume that velocity shocks are zero and that the potential growth rate is 3%. b. Suppose that the public does believe the central banker. What temptation might the central banker face? Label the equilibrium at which the economy will wind up if the central banker succumbs to this temptation with point c. c. If the central banker is not believed but follows the policy in part a, use point d to indicate where the economy will be. Use your answer to parts b and c to discuss the importance…arrow_forwardIn the Friedman-Lucas money surprise model, there is a negative money demand shock. Neither private sector economic agents nor the central bank can observe the shock directly. Assume that the central bank is committed to money growth targeting. 1. How will it affect the labour, goods and money markets? Show graphically. 2. Argue that the shock could result in inefficient outcomes. Explain using diagrams.arrow_forwardIf the Fed unexpectedly shifts to a more restrictive monetary policy, which of the following will most likely occur in the short run? a. An increase in inflation b. An increase in real GDP c. An increase in unemploymentarrow_forward
- In the monetary intertemporal model, assume that money supply is always fixed. Suppose that there is an increase in real wage. How does this change affect interest rates (both real and nominal), price level, employment, total factor productivity and equilibrium output? Carefully explain your answers. b) Suppose that, in a liquidity trap, bank reserves are less liquid than government debt. If the Central Bank conducts an open market purchase of government debt, what is the effect on price level? Use an appropriate set of diagram to explain your answer.arrow_forwardThe long-run effects of monetary policy The following graphs plot the long-run equilibrium situation for an economy. The first graph plots the aggregate demand (AD) and long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curves. The second graph plots the long-run and short-run Phillips curves (LRPC and SRPC, respectively). LRAS H AD 3 6 9 12 OUTPUT (Trillions of dollars) PRICE LEVEL 0 15 18 AD 441 LRASarrow_forwardIf firms and workers have adaptive expectations, what impact will contractionary monetary policy have on inflation, unemployment, and the Phillips curve? If expectations are adaptive, how will the economy adjust to a new, long-run equilibrium in response to contractionary monetary policy?arrow_forward
- Suppose that a new Central Bank’ chair is appointed and his/her approach to monetary policy is that he/she only cares about increasing employment since the inflation rate is remain low and stable. He/she wants to prioritize more on using accommodative monetary policy to promote employment. How would you expect the monetary policy curve to be affected, if at all?arrow_forwardThe following graph plots a short-run Phillips curve for a hypothetical economy. Show the short-run effect of a contractionary monetary policy by dragging the point along the short-run Phillips curve (SRPC) or shifting the curve to the appropriate position. Now, show the long-run effect of a contractionary monetary policy by dragging either the short-run Phillips curve (SRPC), the long-run Phillips curve (LRPC), or both. As anticipated, inflation (rises/falls) and the short-run Phillips curve shifts (downward/upward) , highlighting the cost of fighting inflation, which is (higher unemployment in the long run/temporary unemployment/lower unemployment) . Which of the following examples represents a cost of inflation? Check all that apply. -An unintended redistribution of wealth from borrowers to lenders -A general decrease in purchasing power -Increased variability of relative prices -A coffee shop’s costs to reprint its menu to reflect fluctuating pricesarrow_forwardMonetary policy and the Phillips curve The following graph shows the current short-run Phillips curve for a hypothetical economy; the point on the graph shows the initial unemployment rate and inflation rate. Assume that the economy is currently in long-run equilibrium. Suppose the central bank of the hypothetical economy decides to decrease the money supply. On the following graph, shift the curve or drag the blue point along the curve, or do both, to show the short-run effects of this policy. Hint: You may assume that the central bank's move was unanticipated. In the short run, an unexpected decrease in the money supply results in (increase, decrease, no change) in the inflation rate and (increase, decrease, no change) in the unemployment rate.arrow_forward
- A. What assumptions did Thomas Sargent make when he claimed that inflation is always and everywhere a fiscal phenomenon?" B. Why is it appropriate in the book's short-term model for the author to use the Phillips Curve as an Aggregate Supply curve? Does it capture the working of the labor market as well as an AS curve based, say, on sticky wages? C. Provide an example of the book's short-run model being based on "microfoundations."arrow_forwardThe long-run effects of monetary policyarrow_forwardThe United States Federal Reserve has two mandates when setting monetary policy - keep annual inflation low (around 2-3%) and the unemployment rate low (around 5%). Typically, efforts to adjust the money supply to cause inflation to decrease causes unemployment to increase and vice versa. Now, imagine a situation where the United States faces high inflation and high unemployment (called stagflation, was issue in late 1970s). What do you think the Federal Reserve should do in this situation?arrow_forward
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