Concept explainers
(a)
Variable Cost: The cost which is not fixed is called as variable cost. This cost is directly proportional to the level of output produced, it increase with increase in output and vice versa.
Contribution Margin: The process or theory which is used to judge the benefit given by each unit of the goods produced is called as contribution margin.
Break-Even Point: It is the point of sales at which a company earns zero profit as cost incurred in production is equal to the total revenue.
Required Sale: Required sale refers to the sales required to earn desired income and achieve goals of the business. It can be calculated based on fixed cost, contribution and target income.
Margin of Safety: Margin of safety is the excess of expected sales over break even sales of the business. It is the amount of sales which indicate the safety margin.
To determine: Variable costs per unit.
(b)
Unit contribution margin.
(c)
Break-even point in units.
(d)
Required sales to achieve goals.
(e)
Margin of safety and margin of safety ratio.
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