(a)
Interpretation:
A balanced chemical equation for formation of sodium carbonate has to be written.
(a)
Explanation of Solution
The overall balanced equation is the sum of each step in the formation of sodium carbonate.
2NaCl(s) + H2SO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2HCl(g)Na2SO4(aq) + 2C(s) → Na2S(s) + 2CO2(g)Na2S(s) + CaCO3(s) → Na2CO3(s) + CaS(s)Overall CaCO3(s) + Na2SO4(aq) + 2C(s) + 2NaCl(s) + H2SO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2HCl(g) + 2CO2(g) + Na2CO3(s) + CaS(s).
(b)
Interpretation:
The standard enthalpy of calcium sulphide has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Standard enthalpy of a reaction is the sum of the standard enthalpies of products minus sum of the standard enthalpies of reactants.
ΔHοrxn = ∑mΔHof(products) - ∑mΔHof(reactants)
(b)
Explanation of Solution
The standard enthalpy of calcium sulphide is determined as,
ΔHοrxn = ∑mΔHof(products) - ∑mΔHof(reactants) ΔHοrxn = [(1 mol Na2SO4(aq))(ΔHof Na2SO4(aq) )+ (2 mol HCl) (ΔHof HCl) + (2 mol CO2)(ΔHof CO2)+ (1 mol Na2CO3) (ΔHof Na2CO3) + (1 mol CaS) (ΔHof CaS)]- [(1 mol CaCO3) (ΔHof CaCO3)+ (1 mol Na2SO4(s))(ΔHof Na2SO4(s) ) + (2 mol C) (ΔHofC) + (2 mol NaCl)(ΔHof NaCl)+ (1 mol H2SO4)(ΔHof H2SO4 )]351.8 kJ/mol = [(1 mol)(- 1389.5 kJ/mol)+ (2 mol) (-92.31 kJ/mol) + (2 mol) (-393.5 kJ/mol)+ (1 mol) (-1130.8 kJ/mol) + (1 mol)(ΔHof CaS)] - [(1 mol) (-1206.9 kJ/mol)+ (1 mol) (-1387.1 kJ/mol) + (2 mo)(0 kJ/mol) + (2 mol)(-411.1 kJ/mol) + (1 mol)(-907.51 kJ/mol)]ΔHof CaS = -480KJ.
(c)
Interpretation:
The overall reaction spontaneous or not has to be determined.
(c)
Explanation of Solution
The reaction is very endothermic; therefore it is probably not spontaneous even though the entropy change maybe expected to be positive. It will take a change in gibbs energy determination to know for sure.
(d)
Interpretation:
The mass of sodium carbonate has to be determined.
(d)
Explanation of Solution
The mass of sodium carbonate in the given reaction is calculated as,
Mass (g) of Na2CO3 = (250. g NaCl)(1 mol NaCl58.44 g NaCl)(1 mol Na2CO32mol NaCl)(105.99 g Na2CO31 mol Na2CO3 ) (73%100%)= 165 gNa2CO3.
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Chapter 22 Solutions
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