The mechanism for the given reaction is to be proposed. Concept introduction: In a Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction, an aromatic carbon atom forms a bond to an acyl carbon. In intramolecular FC acylation reactions, the electrophile and the nucleophile are present within the same molecule and usually result in the formation of a five or six-membered ring. The carbonyl carbon of the aldehyde is electrophilic while the benzene ring serves as the nucleophile. The concentration of the positive charge on the carbonyl carbon atom in the aldehyde is increased by the use of a strong acid such as HBr . Being a strong acid, it will protonate the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group. This will activate the carbonyl carbon towards the nucleophilic attack. This forms a six-membered ring. The role of heating the product of this reaction with acetic acid is to promote the elimination reaction that results in the formation of a carbon-carbon double bond.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 22, Problem 22.52P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the given reaction is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

In a Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction, an aromatic carbon atom forms a bond to an acyl carbon. In intramolecular FC acylation reactions, the electrophile and the nucleophile are present within the same molecule and usually result in the formation of a five or six-membered ring. The carbonyl carbon of the aldehyde is electrophilic while the benzene ring serves as the nucleophile. The concentration of the positive charge on the carbonyl carbon atom in the aldehyde is increased by the use of a strong acid such as HBr. Being a strong acid, it will protonate the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group. This will activate the carbonyl carbon towards the nucleophilic attack. This forms a six-membered ring. The role of heating the product of this reaction with acetic acid is to promote the elimination reaction that results in the formation of a carbon-carbon double bond.

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Using reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition Consider the following equilibrium: 2NOCI (g) 2NO (g) + Cl2 (g) AGº =41. kJ Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 4.50 atm of nitrosyl chloride (NOCI) and 6.38 atm of chlorine (C12) at 212. °C. Answer the following questions about this system: ? rise Under these conditions, will the pressure of NOCI tend to rise or fall? x10 fall Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding NO? In other words, if you said the pressure of NOCI will tend to rise, can that be changed to a tendency to fall by adding NO? Similarly, if you said the pressure of NOCI will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to rise by adding NO? yes no If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate the minimum pressure of NO needed to reverse it. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. 0.035 atm ✓ G 00. 18 Ar

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 22, Problem 22.52P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the given reaction is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

In a Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction, an aromatic carbon atom forms a bond to an acyl carbon. In intramolecular FC acylation reactions, the electrophile and the nucleophile are present within the same molecule and usually result in the formation of a five or six-membered ring. The carbonyl carbon of the aldehyde is electrophilic while the benzene ring serves as the nucleophile. The concentration of the positive charge on the carbonyl carbon atom in the aldehyde is increased by the use of a strong acid such as HBr. Being a strong acid, it will protonate the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group. This will activate the carbonyl carbon towards the nucleophilic attack. This forms a six-membered ring. The role of heating the product of this reaction with acetic acid is to promote the elimination reaction that results in the formation of a carbon-carbon double bond.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 22, Problem 22.52P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the given reaction is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

In a Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction, an aromatic carbon atom forms a bond to an acyl carbon. In intramolecular FC acylation reactions, the electrophile and the nucleophile are present within the same molecule and usually result in the formation of a five or six-membered ring. The carbonyl carbon of the aldehyde is electrophilic while the benzene ring serves as the nucleophile. The concentration of the positive charge on the carbonyl carbon atom in the aldehyde is increased by the use of a strong acid such as HBr. Being a strong acid, it will protonate the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group. This will activate the carbonyl carbon towards the nucleophilic attack. This forms a six-membered ring. The role of heating the product of this reaction with acetic acid is to promote the elimination reaction that results in the formation of a carbon-carbon double bond.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 22, Problem 22.52P

Interpretation Introduction