
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
For the given nitration reaction, orientation of the reaction has to be accounted.
Concept Introduction:
Activating and deactivating groups:
The effect of substituents on the reaction rate of
Activating groups – ortho/para directing groups. The
Deactivating groups – meta directing groups. The rate of reaction is decreased by a deactivating groups (electron withdrawing groups) relative to hydrogen.
(b)
Interpretation:
For the given substitution reaction in step 2, reaction mechanism has to be proposed.
Concept Introduction:
Activating and deactivating groups:
The effect of substituents on the reaction rate of aromatic electrophilic substitution is given by activating or deactivating groups.
Activating groups – ortho/para directing groups. The rate of reaction is increased by an activating groups (electron donating groups) relative to hydrogen.
Deactivating groups – meta directing groups. The rate of reaction is decreased by a deactivating groups (electron withdrawing groups) relative to hydrogen.

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Chapter 22 Solutions
Organic Chemistry, Loose-leaf Version
- a) Explain why product 1 is the kinetic product and product 2 is the thermodynamic product. b) Draw the reaction coordinate diagram for the reaction pathway generating each product. c) State the Arrhenius Equation and explain the terms with their physical significance. d) State and explain which reaction pathway has a higher rate constant. What happens to the rate constant if the temperature has increased?arrow_forwardI just need help with A,F,G,Harrow_forwardQUESTION 1 Write the IUPAC names for the following compounds. (a) (b) 2 H₂C CH (c) Br (d) HO (e) COOHarrow_forward
- need help finding the product of these reactionsarrow_forwardPart 1. Draw monomer units of the following products and draw their reaction mechanism 1) Bakelite like polymer Using: Resorcinol + NaOH + Formalin 2) Polyester fiber Using a) pthalic anhydride + anhydrous sodium acetate + ethylene glycol B)pthalic anhydride + anhydrous sodium acetate + glycerol 3) Temporary cross-linked polymer Using: 4% polyvinyl alcohol+ methyl red + 4% sodium boratearrow_forwardUsing the table of Reactants and Products provided provide the correct letter that corresponds with the Carboxylic acid that is formed in the reaction below. 6 M NaOH Acid-workup WRITE THE CORRECT LETTER ONLY DO NOT WRITE EXTRA WORDS OR PHRASES A) Pool of Reagents for Part B CI B) OH C) E) CI J) racemic F) K) OH N) OH P) G) OH D) HO H) L) M) HO Q) R) CI Aarrow_forward
- In the table below, the exact chemical structures for Methyl salicylate can be represented by the letter WRITE THE CORRECT LETTER ONLY DO NOT WRITE EXTRA WORDS OR PHRASES CI B) A) E) Cl racemic F) J) CI K) N) OH P) Pool of Reagents for Part B OH OH G) L) OH D) HO H) M) HO Q) R) CIarrow_forwardDraw the stepwise mechanism for the reactionsarrow_forwardPart I. a) Draw reaction mechanism for the transformations of benzophenone to benzopinacol to benzopinaco lone b) Pinacol (2,3-dimethyl, 1-3-butanediol) on treatment w/ acid gives a mixture of pina colone (3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone) and 2, 3-dimethyl - 1,3-butadiene. Give reasonable mechanism the formation of the products Forarrow_forward
- 3. The explosive decomposition of 2 mole of TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) is shown below: Assume the C(s) is soot-basically atomic carbon (although it isn't actually atomic carbon in real life). 2 CH3 H NO2 NO2 3N2 (g)+7CO (g) + 5H₂O (g) + 7C (s) H a. Use bond dissociation energies to calculate how much AU is for this reaction in kJ/mol.arrow_forwardPart I. Draw reaction mechanism for the transformations of benzophenone to benzopinacol to benzopinaco lone and answer the ff: Pinacol (2,3-dimethyl, 1-3-butanediol) on treatment w/ acid gives a mixture of pina colone and (3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone) 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene. Give reasonable mechanism the formation of the products Forarrow_forwardShow the mechanism for these reactionsarrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning
