Concept explainers
What is a hydrocarbon? What is the difference between a saturated hydrocarbon and an
The normal (unbranched) hydrocarbons are often referred to as straight-chain hydrocarbons. What does this name refer to? Does it mean that the carbon atoms in a straight-chain hydrocarbon really have a linear arrangement? Explain. In the shorthand notation for cyclic alkanes, the hydrogens are usually omitted. How do you determine the number of hydrogens bonded to each carbon in a ring structure?

Interpretation: The answers of various questions related to hydrocarbons are to be stated.
Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.
Answer to Problem 1RQ
Answer
The given questions have been rightfully answered.
Explanation of Solution
Explanation
To explain: The answers of various questions related to hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbons are the simplest organic compounds.
The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be straight chain, branched chain or cyclic molecules.
The difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons is that saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bonds between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contain double or triple bonds between the atoms.
In normal straight-chain hydrocarbons, carbon atoms form long chains while in branched hydrocarbons, hydrogen attached to carbon is substituted by any other group.
When the hydrocarbons contain only single bonds, then they are known as alkanes. The general formula of alkanes is
The hybridization of carbon atom in alkanes is
All the carbon atoms in alkanes are joined by single bonds, thus its hybridization is
In alkanes, each carbon atom forms four bonds and each hydrogen atom forms a single bond with a carbon atom. The bonding around each carbon is tetrahedral, therefore all the bond angles are
The carbon atoms in cyclopropane form an equilateral triangle with a bond angle of
The carbon atoms in cyclobutane form an equilateral square and the bond angle is
Straight chain hydrocarbon does not mean that they have a linear arrangement
The number of hydrogens in cyclic alkanes is calculated by its general formula.
In short hand notation for cyclic alkanes, the hydrogens are usually omitted. They can be determined by the general formula of cyclic alkanes. Their general formula is
For example, in butane, four carbon atoms are present.
The value of
Therefore, the number of hydrogen atoms
Conclusion
Hydrocarbons are simplest organic compounds and the hybridization of carbon atom in alkanes is
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 22 Solutions
EBK CHEMISTRY
- Please help me figure out the mechanism with arrows of the following reactionarrow_forwardOrganic Functional Groups Predicting the reactants or products of acetal hydrolysis termine the structures of the missing organic molecules in the following reaction: H* H* + H₂O Y ☑ Note: Molecules that share the same letter have the exact same structure. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic molecules X, Y, and Z. You may draw that you like, so long as they aren't touching. Molecule X shows up in multiple steps, but you only have to draw its structure Explanation Check @2 W Click and drag to start drawing a structure. #4 # 3 LU E % 67 olo 5 66 R T Y & 7 AcGraw Hill LLC. All Rights R Xarrow_forward8. (16 pts) Provide the stepwise mechanism for the synthesis of the following compound via an enaminearrow_forward
- Draw the titration curve of (i) weak acid vs. strong base; (ii) weak acid vs. weakbase; (iii) diprotic acid with strong base (iii) triprotic acid with strong base.arrow_forwardComplete the reaction in the drawing area below by adding the major products to the right-hand side. If there won't be any products, because nothing will happen under these reaction conditions, check the box under the drawing area instead. Note: if the products contain one or more pairs of enantiomers, don't worry about drawing each enantiomer with dash and wedge bonds. Just draw one molecule to represent each pair of enantiomers, using line bonds at the chiral center. More... No reaction. my ㄖˋ + 1. Na O Me Click and drag to start drawing a structure. 2. H +arrow_forwardPredict the intermediate 1 and final product 2 of this organic reaction: NaOMe H+ + 1 2 H H work up You can draw 1 and 2 in any arrangement you like. Note: if either 1 or 2 consists of a pair of enantiomers, just draw one structure using line bonds instead of 3D (dash and wedge) bonds at the chiral center. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. X $ dmarrow_forward
- Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage LearningWorld of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage LearningChemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co




