Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260494570
Author: Raven, Peter
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Textbook Question
Chapter 22, Problem 1A
If reinforcement is weak and hybrids are not completely infertile,
a. genetic divergence between populations may be overcome by gene flow.
b.
c. gene flow between populations will be impossible.
d. the speciation will be more likely than if hybrids were completely infertile.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Two parents, who are thought to be different species, mate and produce viable hybrid offspring. When two of these hybrids mate, their offspring are not viable. What is the BEST interpretation of this data?
A.
The original parents are the same species because they can breed together.
B.
The original parents are the same species because they can breed together and produce viable offspring.
C.
The original parents are not the same species because they produce hybrids that impair the species’ development or survival in its environment.
D.
The original parents are not the same species because they produce hybrids that can have reduced viability and fertility when they mate.
Problems with the biological species concept include the fact that
a. many species reproduce asexually.
b. postzygotic isolating mechanisms decrease hybrid viability.
c. prezygotic isolating mechanisms are extremely rare.
d. All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following would be a good example of premating reproductive isolation?
A. Cross-fertilizations between the gray treefrogs, Hyla versicolor and H. chrysoscelis result in a high degree of mortality prior to hatching of hybrid eggs.
B. The mule, a hybrid between horses and donkeys is viable, but sterile.
C. Males of H. versicolor produce an advertisement call with a much slower pulse rate than males of H. chrysoscelis and females use pulse rate differences to avoid mating with the wrong species.
D. Hybrid offspring are produced from matings between leopard frogs and green frogs, but usually die before the tadpoles metamorphose into froglets.
Chapter 22 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 22.1 - Understand the biological species concept and why...Ch. 22.1 - Define the two kinds of reproductive isolating...Ch. 22.1 - Describe the relationship of reproductive...Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 22.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 22.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 22.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 22.4 - Compare and contrast sympatric and allopatric...Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 22.5 - Prob. 1LO
Ch. 22.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 22.6 - Prob. 1LOCh. 22.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 22.7 - Prob. 1LOCh. 22.7 - Prob. 2LOCh. 22 - Prob. 1IQCh. 22 - Prob. 2IQCh. 22 - Prezygotic isolating mechanisms include all of the...Ch. 22 - Reproductive isolation is a. a result of...Ch. 22 - Problems with the biological species concept...Ch. 22 - Prob. 4UCh. 22 - Prob. 5UCh. 22 - Prezygotic isolation a. always involves mechanisms...Ch. 22 - Speciation by allopolyploidy a. takes a long time....Ch. 22 - Adaptive radiation a. is the result of enriched...Ch. 22 - Prob. 9UCh. 22 - Character displacement a. arises through...Ch. 22 - Prob. 11UCh. 22 - If reinforcement is weak and hybrids are not...Ch. 22 - Natural selection can a. enhance the probability...Ch. 22 - Hybridization between incompletely isolated...Ch. 22 - Natural selection can lead to speciation a. by...Ch. 22 - Natural selection can lead to the evolution of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 2SCh. 22 - Refer to figure 22 6 In Texas. Drummond s phlox is...Ch. 22 - Refer to figure 22.16. Geospiza fuliginosa and...
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- Hybridization between incompletely isolated populations a. always leads to reinforcement due to the inferiority of hybrids. b. can serve as a mechanism for preserving gene flow between populations, thus preventing speciation. c. only occurs in plants. d. never affects rates of speciation.arrow_forwardIdentify the most accurate statement about population variation. a. Allopolyploidy occurs when chromosomes fail to separate during gametogenesis and then self-fertilization results in a tetraploid offspring. b. Chromosomal duplications and deletions cause large changes due to the changes in gene dosage. c. Traits that are influenced by both environment and genetics are unlikely to be influenced by evolution. d. Gene duplications and deletions occur frequently during equal crossing over that occurs during meiosis I.arrow_forwardYou are studying foxes in a national park that has a large lake. You find four populations with different paw colors (shown below) and note their mating habits and hybridization tendencies. Which of the following describes your findings correctly? A The different populations of Red Fox are affected by temporal isolation. B The offspring in the hybrid zones are affected by hybrid inviability. C The fox populations can be considered a ring species. D The fox populations can be considered an adaptive radiation. E The fox populations are affected by vicariance isolation. Northern: Black paws No hybrids Narrow hybrid zone: Dark gray paws Western: Brown paws Eastern: Gray paws Lake Narrow hybrid zone: Tan paws Narrow hybrid zone: Light gray paws Southerm: White pawsarrow_forward
- Members of two separate species mate and produce hybrid offspring that fail to thrive in the environment. The hybrid genotypes do not suit the hybrid organism for survival using any given niche. Eventually, the hybrid genotypes disappear from the environment. This would be due to: A. hybrid inviability B. hybrid sterility C. gametic incompatibility D. pre-zygotic isolation E. infra-gametic disruptionarrow_forwardWhich of the following is an example of postzygotic reproductive isolation?a. Sperm of species A dies in the oviduct of species B before fertilization can take place.b. Hybrid zygotes between species A and B are spontaneously aborted early indevelopment.c. The mating seasons of species A and B do not overlap.d. Males of species A are not attracted to the pheromones produced by the females ofspecies B.arrow_forward1) In allopatric speciation, geographic separation of two populations a.reduces the relative fitness of hybrid offspring. b.is sufficient for speciation to occur. c.allows gene flow between them. d.inhibits gene flow between them.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is not an event that can contribute to allopatric speciation? a. A mountain range forms and splits two populations into populations that begin to turn into new species. b. A subset of individuals disperse to a far away island and begin to turn into a new species. c. Two populations breed in the same location but at different times, and therefore begin to turn into two new species. d. A river splits a population into two populations and the two populations begin to diverge on either side of the river. e. All of these are potential contributors to allopatric speciation.arrow_forwardWould each of the following examples of reproductive isolation be considered a prezygotic or postzygotic mechanism? A. Horses and donkeys can interbreed to produce mules, but the mules are infertile. B. Three species of the orchid genus Dendrobium produce flowers 8 days, 9 days, and 11 days after a rainstorm. The flowers remain open for 1 day. C. Two species of fish release sperm and eggs into seawater at the same time, but the sperm of one species do not fertilize the eggs of the other species. D. Two tree frogs, Hyla chrysoscelis (diploid) and Hyla versicolor (tetraploid), can produce viable offspring, but the offspring are sterile.arrow_forwardA population of lizards colonizes a region and feeds on small arthropod species. Over time, a small group within the population starts eating different types of worms. Over time, this group develops inherited traits that help them catch, eat, and digest the worms. The two lizard groups share the same habitat but no longer recognize each other’s mating calls. What does this scenario best describe? A. speciation without geographic isolation B. natural selection without speciation C. increased genetic variation without speciation D. decreased genetic variation with geographic isolationarrow_forward
- Explain the type of speciation (allopatric, parapatric, or sympatric) most likely to occur under each of the following conditions: A. A pregnant female rat is transported by an ocean liner to a new continent. B. A meadow containing several species of grasses is exposed to a pesticide that promotes nondisjunction. C. In a very large lake containing several species of fish, the water level gradually falls over the course of several years. Eventually, the large lake becomes subdivided into smaller lakes, some of which are connected by narrow streams.arrow_forwardIndicate whether each of the following conditions would tend to cause speciation to occur faster (F), or if it would tend to slow down or prevent speciation (S). Put either an F or an S in each box. A. a small sub-group of a population becomes geographically isolated from the main population and experiences new environmental conditions B. a large population of herbivores lives in an environmental where the conditions have remained stable over a long period of time C. a colony of monkeys clinging to floating debris is washed out to sea by a storm and lands on an island with diverse habitats, abundant food, but without any other primates D. a large population of a migratory species splits up every year and takes different routes to their common mating territoryarrow_forwardClimate change and glacial advances during the Pleistocene ice age (2.6 million to 11,700 years ago) split the ranges of several North American bird species into western and eastern populations. The western and eastern populations eventually diverged into two species. What is this an example of? A. Allopatric speciation following dispersal B. Allopatric speciation via vicariance C. Sympatric speciation due to balancing selection D. Sympatric speciation via autopolyploidy E. Sympatric speciation via allopolyploidyarrow_forward
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