
Concept explainers
Journalize the given transactions in the books of Company C.

Explanation of Solution
Debit and credit rules:
- Debit an increase in asset account, increase in expense account, decrease in liability account, and decrease in
stockholders’ equity accounts. - Credit decrease in asset account, increase in revenue account, increase in liability account, and increase in stockholders’ equity accounts.
Journalize the given transactions in the books of Company C.
Transaction on April 15:
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
20-- | ||||||
April | 15 | Cash Dividends | 41,000 | |||
Preferred Dividends Payable | 9,000 | |||||
Common Dividends Payable | 32,000 | |||||
(Record declaration of preferred and common dividends) |
Table (1)
Description:
- Cash Dividends is a contra-capital temporary account. This account decreases stockholders’ equity and is closed as the dividends are paid off. So, the account is debited.
- Preferred Dividends Payable is a liability account. Since the liability to pay dividends increased, liability increased, and an increase in liability is credited.
- Common Dividends Payable is a liability account. Since the liability to pay dividends increased, liability increased, and an increase in liability is credited.
Working Notes:
Compute amount of preferred dividends declared.
Compute amount of common dividends declared.
Transaction on May 10:
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
20-- | ||||||
May | 10 | Preferred Dividends Payable | 9,000 | |||
Common Dividends Payable | 32,000 | |||||
Cash | 41,000 | |||||
(Record payment of dividends) |
Table (2)
Description:
- Preferred Dividends Payable is a liability account. Since the liability to pay dividends has been paid off, liability decreased, and a decrease in liability is debited.
- Common Dividends Payable is a liability account. Since the liability to pay dividends has been paid off, liability decreased, and a decrease in liability is debited.
- Cash is an asset account. The amount is decreased because cash is paid as dividends, and a decrease in assets should be credited.
Note: Refer to Equations (1) and (2) for the value and computation preferred and common dividends.
Transaction on October 15:
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
20-- | ||||||
October | 15 | Cash Dividends | 41,000 | |||
Preferred Dividends Payable | 9,000 | |||||
Common Dividends Payable | 32,000 | |||||
(Record declaration of preferred and common dividends) |
Table (3)
Description:
- Cash Dividends is a contra-capital temporary account. This account decreases stockholders’ equity and is closed as the dividends are paid off. So, the account is debited.
- Preferred Dividends Payable is a liability account. Since the liability to pay dividends increased, liability increased, and an increase in liability is credited.
- Common Dividends Payable is a liability account. Since the liability to pay dividends increased, liability increased, and an increase in liability is credited.
Working Notes:
Compute amount of preferred dividends declared.
Compute amount of common dividends declared.
Transaction on November 20:
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
20-- | ||||||
November | 20 | Preferred Dividends Payable | 9,000 | |||
Common Dividends Payable | 32,000 | |||||
Cash | 41,000 | |||||
(Record payment of dividends) |
Table (4)
Description:
- Preferred Dividends Payable is a liability account. Since the liability to pay dividends has been paid off, liability decreased, and a decrease in liability is debited.
- Common Dividends Payable is a liability account. Since the liability to pay dividends has been paid off, liability decreased, and a decrease in liability is debited.
- Cash is an asset account. The amount is decreased because cash is paid as dividends, and a decrease in assets should be credited.
Note: Refer to Equations (3) and (4) for the value and computation preferred and common dividends.
Transaction on November 22:
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
20-- | ||||||
November | 22 | Stock Dividends | 56,000 | |||
Stock Dividends Distributable | 8,000 | |||||
Paid-In Capital in Excess of Par–Common Stock | 48,000 | |||||
(Record declaration of stock dividends) |
Table (5)
Description:
- Stock Dividends is a contra-stockholders’ equity temporary account. This account decreases stockholders’ equity and is closed to
Retained Earnings account as the common stock is issued. So, the account is debited. - Stock Dividends Distributable is a stockholders’ equity account. Since common stock is declared to be issued as stock dividends, at par value, equity value is increased. An increase in equity is credited.
- Paid-In Capital in Excess of Par–Common Stock is a stockholders’ equity account. Since the stock is issued in excess of par value, equity value is increased. An increase in equity is credited.
Working Notes:
Compute the number of shares to be distributed as stock dividends.
Compute amount of stock dividends (Refer to Equation (5) for stock dividend shares value).
Compute the amount of stock dividends distributable (Refer to Equation (5) for stock dividend shares value).
Compute paid-in capital in excess of par-common stock (Refer to Equations (6) and (7) for stock dividends and stock dividends distributable value).
Transaction on December 16:
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | ||
20-- | ||||||
December | 16 | Stock Dividends Distributable | 8,000 | |||
Common Stock | 8,000 | |||||
(Record issue of stock dividends in the form of common stock) |
Table (6)
Description:
- Stock Dividends Distributable is a stockholders’ equity account. Since common stock is issued due to declaration of stock dividends, the value is transferred to common stock, the equity value is decreased. A decrease in equity is debited.
- Common Stock is a stockholders’ equity account. Since common stock is issued, equity value is increased. An increase in equity is credited.
Note: Refer to Equation (7) for value and computation of stock dividends distributable value.
Transaction on December 20:
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Post Ref. | Debit ($) | Credit ($) | |
20-- | |||||
December | 20 | Memorandum entry: Declared a 2-for-1 stock split. Issued 176,000 shares of $0.50 par common stock in exchange for 88,000 shares of $1 par common stock. |
Table (7)
Working Notes:
Compute the number of shares after stock split on December 20.
Compute the par value of shares after stock split.
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Chapter 21 Solutions
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