Check whether the statement is true or false.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...

Chapter 21, Problem 3E

a.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

a.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The given statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

If the P-value is high, then the null hypothesis is not rejected. Thus, there is no strong evidence that the null hypothesis is false.

b.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

b.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

When the P-value is less, the result provides the evidence against the null hypothesis. It means that the value of the hypothesis test says that the null hypothesis is rejected and does not state that it is false.

c.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

c.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

Since the high P-value does not mean that the null hypothesis is true, it proves that the data are consistent with the null hypothesis. However, it does not have any evidence to prove that the null hypothesis is true.

d.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

d.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

If the P-value is less than 0.05, then there is enough evidence to prove that the null hypothesis is rejected. The rejection of null hypothesis depends on the risk of type-I error that depends on the researcher’s willingness to assume the level of significance.

Statistics Concept Introduction

Introduction:

P-value:

The P-value represents the probability value that is associated with a statistical test. The difference between an observed mean (sample mean difference between scores) and a population mean (mean difference between scores) is likely to be supported when the null hypothesis is true. That is, the P-value is defined as the probability that obtains the test statistic is extreme or more extreme from the population parameter if the null hypothesis is true.

Criterion for rejecting the null hypothesis using the P-value approach:

Decision rule:

If P-value≤α, then reject the null hypothesis H0.

If P-value>α, then fail to reject the null hypothesis H0.

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...

Chapter 21, Problem 3E

a.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

a.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The given statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

If the P-value is high, then the null hypothesis is not rejected. Thus, there is no strong evidence that the null hypothesis is false.

b.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

b.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

When the P-value is less, the result provides the evidence against the null hypothesis. It means that the value of the hypothesis test says that the null hypothesis is rejected and does not state that it is false.

c.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

c.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

Since the high P-value does not mean that the null hypothesis is true, it proves that the data are consistent with the null hypothesis. However, it does not have any evidence to prove that the null hypothesis is true.

d.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

d.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

If the P-value is less than 0.05, then there is enough evidence to prove that the null hypothesis is rejected. The rejection of null hypothesis depends on the risk of type-I error that depends on the researcher’s willingness to assume the level of significance.

Statistics Concept Introduction

Introduction:

P-value:

The P-value represents the probability value that is associated with a statistical test. The difference between an observed mean (sample mean difference between scores) and a population mean (mean difference between scores) is likely to be supported when the null hypothesis is true. That is, the P-value is defined as the probability that obtains the test statistic is extreme or more extreme from the population parameter if the null hypothesis is true.

Criterion for rejecting the null hypothesis using the P-value approach:

Decision rule:

If P-value≤α, then reject the null hypothesis H0.

If P-value>α, then fail to reject the null hypothesis H0.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...

Chapter 21, Problem 3E

a.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

a.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The given statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

If the P-value is high, then the null hypothesis is not rejected. Thus, there is no strong evidence that the null hypothesis is false.

b.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

b.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

When the P-value is less, the result provides the evidence against the null hypothesis. It means that the value of the hypothesis test says that the null hypothesis is rejected and does not state that it is false.

c.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

c.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

Since the high P-value does not mean that the null hypothesis is true, it proves that the data are consistent with the null hypothesis. However, it does not have any evidence to prove that the null hypothesis is true.

d.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

d.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

If the P-value is less than 0.05, then there is enough evidence to prove that the null hypothesis is rejected. The rejection of null hypothesis depends on the risk of type-I error that depends on the researcher’s willingness to assume the level of significance.

Statistics Concept Introduction

Introduction:

P-value:

The P-value represents the probability value that is associated with a statistical test. The difference between an observed mean (sample mean difference between scores) and a population mean (mean difference between scores) is likely to be supported when the null hypothesis is true. That is, the P-value is defined as the probability that obtains the test statistic is extreme or more extreme from the population parameter if the null hypothesis is true.

Criterion for rejecting the null hypothesis using the P-value approach:

Decision rule:

If P-value≤α, then reject the null hypothesis H0.

If P-value>α, then fail to reject the null hypothesis H0.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...

Chapter 21, Problem 3E

a.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

a.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The given statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

If the P-value is high, then the null hypothesis is not rejected. Thus, there is no strong evidence that the null hypothesis is false.

b.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

b.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

When the P-value is less, the result provides the evidence against the null hypothesis. It means that the value of the hypothesis test says that the null hypothesis is rejected and does not state that it is false.

c.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

c.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

Since the high P-value does not mean that the null hypothesis is true, it proves that the data are consistent with the null hypothesis. However, it does not have any evidence to prove that the null hypothesis is true.

d.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

d.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

If the P-value is less than 0.05, then there is enough evidence to prove that the null hypothesis is rejected. The rejection of null hypothesis depends on the risk of type-I error that depends on the researcher’s willingness to assume the level of significance.

Statistics Concept Introduction

Introduction:

P-value:

The P-value represents the probability value that is associated with a statistical test. The difference between an observed mean (sample mean difference between scores) and a population mean (mean difference between scores) is likely to be supported when the null hypothesis is true. That is, the P-value is defined as the probability that obtains the test statistic is extreme or more extreme from the population parameter if the null hypothesis is true.

Criterion for rejecting the null hypothesis using the P-value approach:

Decision rule:

If P-value≤α, then reject the null hypothesis H0.

If P-value>α, then fail to reject the null hypothesis H0.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 3E

a.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

a.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The given statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

If the P-value is high, then the null hypothesis is not rejected. Thus, there is no strong evidence that the null hypothesis is false.

b.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

b.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

When the P-value is less, the result provides the evidence against the null hypothesis. It means that the value of the hypothesis test says that the null hypothesis is rejected and does not state that it is false.

c.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

c.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

Since the high P-value does not mean that the null hypothesis is true, it proves that the data are consistent with the null hypothesis. However, it does not have any evidence to prove that the null hypothesis is true.

d.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

d.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

If the P-value is less than 0.05, then there is enough evidence to prove that the null hypothesis is rejected. The rejection of null hypothesis depends on the risk of type-I error that depends on the researcher’s willingness to assume the level of significance.

Statistics Concept Introduction

Introduction:

P-value:

The P-value represents the probability value that is associated with a statistical test. The difference between an observed mean (sample mean difference between scores) and a population mean (mean difference between scores) is likely to be supported when the null hypothesis is true. That is, the P-value is defined as the probability that obtains the test statistic is extreme or more extreme from the population parameter if the null hypothesis is true.

Criterion for rejecting the null hypothesis using the P-value approach:

Decision rule:

If P-value≤α, then reject the null hypothesis H0.

If P-value>α, then fail to reject the null hypothesis H0.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 3E

a.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

a.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The given statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

If the P-value is high, then the null hypothesis is not rejected. Thus, there is no strong evidence that the null hypothesis is false.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 3E

a.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

Answer 8

a.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The given statement is false.

Answer 9

a.

Expert Solution

Answer 10

a.

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

If the P-value is high, then the null hypothesis is not rejected. Thus, there is no strong evidence that the null hypothesis is false.

Answer 13

b.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

b.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

When the P-value is less, the result provides the evidence against the null hypothesis. It means that the value of the hypothesis test says that the null hypothesis is rejected and does not state that it is false.

Answer 14

b.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

Answer 15

b.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The statement is false.

Answer 16

b.

Expert Solution

Answer 17

b.

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

When the P-value is less, the result provides the evidence against the null hypothesis. It means that the value of the hypothesis test says that the null hypothesis is rejected and does not state that it is false.

Answer 20

c.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

c.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

Since the high P-value does not mean that the null hypothesis is true, it proves that the data are consistent with the null hypothesis. However, it does not have any evidence to prove that the null hypothesis is true.

Answer 21

c.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

Answer 22

c.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The statement is false.

Answer 23

c.

Expert Solution

Answer 24

c.

Expert Solution

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

Since the high P-value does not mean that the null hypothesis is true, it proves that the data are consistent with the null hypothesis. However, it does not have any evidence to prove that the null hypothesis is true.

Answer 27

d.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

d.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

If the P-value is less than 0.05, then there is enough evidence to prove that the null hypothesis is rejected. The rejection of null hypothesis depends on the risk of type-I error that depends on the researcher’s willingness to assume the level of significance.

Statistics Concept Introduction

Introduction:

P-value:

The P-value represents the probability value that is associated with a statistical test. The difference between an observed mean (sample mean difference between scores) and a population mean (mean difference between scores) is likely to be supported when the null hypothesis is true. That is, the P-value is defined as the probability that obtains the test statistic is extreme or more extreme from the population parameter if the null hypothesis is true.

Criterion for rejecting the null hypothesis using the P-value approach:

Decision rule:

If P-value≤α, then reject the null hypothesis H0.

If P-value>α, then fail to reject the null hypothesis H0.

Answer 28

d.

To determine

Check whether the statement is true or false.

Answer 29

d.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 3E

The statement is false.

Answer 30

d.

Expert Solution

Answer 31

d.

Expert Solution

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Answer 33

Explanation of Solution

Justification:

If the P-value is less than 0.05, then there is enough evidence to prove that the null hypothesis is rejected. The rejection of null hypothesis depends on the risk of type-I error that depends on the researcher’s willingness to assume the level of significance.

Answer 34

Statistics Concept Introduction

Introduction:

P-value:

The P-value represents the probability value that is associated with a statistical test. The difference between an observed mean (sample mean difference between scores) and a population mean (mean difference between scores) is likely to be supported when the null hypothesis is true. That is, the P-value is defined as the probability that obtains the test statistic is extreme or more extreme from the population parameter if the null hypothesis is true.

Criterion for rejecting the null hypothesis using the P-value approach:

Decision rule:

If P-value≤α, then reject the null hypothesis H0.

If P-value>α, then fail to reject the null hypothesis H0.