College Physics: A Strategic Approach (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321879721
Author: Randall D. Knight (Professor Emeritus), Brian Jones, Stuart Field
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 21, Problem 35P
A science-fair radio uses a homemade capacitor made of two 35 cm × 35 cm sheets of aluminum foil separated by a 0.25-mm-thick sheet of paper. What is its capacitance?
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Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications of
pV diagrams for an ideal gas.
As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are
described by the equation
pV = nRT,
where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of
the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas
constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It
follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas,
pV
= constant.
Τ
One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant,
it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas:
At least one more parameter would also change. For
instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can
be sure that either the volume or the temperature of the
gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change.
To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a
graph showing one parameter as a function of the other.
Although there are many choices of axes, the most
common one is a plot of pressure as a function of
volume: a pV diagram.
In this problem, you…
Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications of
pV diagrams for an ideal gas.
As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are
described by the equation
pV = nRT,
where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of
the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas
constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It
follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas,
pV
= constant.
T
One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant,
it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas:
At least one more parameter would also change. For
instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can
be sure that either the volume or the temperature of the
gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change.
To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a
graph showing one parameter as a function of the other.
Although there are many choices of axes, the most
common one is a plot of pressure as a function of
volume: a pV diagram.
In this problem, you…
■ Review | Constants
A cylinder with a movable piston contains 3.75 mol
of N2 gas (assumed to behave like an ideal gas).
Part A
The N2 is heated at constant volume until 1553 J of heat have been added. Calculate the change in
temperature.
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Part B
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Suppose the same amount of heat is added to the N2, but this time the gas is allowed to expand while
remaining at constant pressure. Calculate the temperature change.
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Chapter 21 Solutions
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (3rd Edition)
Ch. 21 - By moving a 10 nC charge from point A to point B,...Ch. 21 - Charge q is fired through a small hole in the...Ch. 21 - Why is the potential energy of two opposite...Ch. 21 - An electron (q = e) completes half of a circular...Ch. 21 - An electron moves along the trajectory from i to f...Ch. 21 - The graph in Figure Q21.61Q shows the electric...Ch. 21 - As shown in Figure Q21.7, two protons are launched...Ch. 21 - Each part of Figure Q21.8 shows one or more point...Ch. 21 - Figure Q21.9 shows two points inside a capacitor....Ch. 21 - A capacitor with plates separated by distanced is...
Ch. 21 - Rank in order, from most positive to most...Ch. 21 - Figure Q21.12 shows two points near a positive...Ch. 21 - A. Suppose that E = 0, throughout some region of...Ch. 21 - Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the...Ch. 21 - Figure Q21.16 shows an electric field diagram....Ch. 21 - Figure Q21.17 shows a negatively charged...Ch. 21 - Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the...Ch. 21 - A parallel-plate capacitor with plate separation d...Ch. 21 - A proton is launched from point 1 in Figure Q21...Ch. 21 - A 1.0 nC positive point charge is located at point...Ch. 21 - A 100 V battery is connected across the plates of...Ch. 21 - The electric potential is 300 V at x = 0 cm, is...Ch. 21 - What is the potential at point c? A. 400 v B. 350...Ch. 21 - At which point, a, b, or c, is the magnitude of...Ch. 21 - What is the approximate magnitude of the electric...Ch. 21 - The direction of the electric field at point b is...Ch. 21 - A +10 nC charge is moved from point c to point a....Ch. 21 - A bug zapper consists of two metal plates...Ch. 21 - An atom of helium and one of argon are singly...Ch. 21 - The dipole moment of the heart is shown at a...Ch. 21 - Moving a charge from point A, where the potential...Ch. 21 - The graph in Figure P21.2 shows the electric...Ch. 21 - It takes 3.0 J of work to move a 15 nC charge from...Ch. 21 - A 20 nC charge is moved from a point where V = 150...Ch. 21 - At one point in space, the electric potential...Ch. 21 - An electron has been accelerated from rest through...Ch. 21 - A proton has been accelerated from rest through a...Ch. 21 - What potential difference is needed to accelerate...Ch. 21 - An electron with an initial speed of 500,000 m/s...Ch. 21 - A proton with an initial speed of 800,000 m/s is...Ch. 21 - The electric potential at a point that is halfway...Ch. 21 - A 2.0 cm 2.0 cm parallel-plate capacitor has a...Ch. 21 - Two 2.00 cm 2.00 cm plates that form a...Ch. 21 - A. In Figure P21.14, which capacitor plate, left...Ch. 21 - A +25 nC charge is at the origin. How much farther...Ch. 21 - A. What is the electric potential at points A, B,...Ch. 21 - A 1.0-cm-diameter sphere is charged to a potential...Ch. 21 - What is the electric potential at the point...Ch. 21 - a. What is the potential difference between the...Ch. 21 - A. In Figure P21.20, which point, A or B, has a...Ch. 21 - In Figure P21.21, the electric potential at point...Ch. 21 - What is the potential difference between xi = 10...Ch. 21 - What are the magnitude and direction of the...Ch. 21 - What are the magnitude and direction of the...Ch. 21 - Two 2.0 cm 2.0 cm square aluminum electrodes,...Ch. 21 - An uncharged capacitor is connected to the...Ch. 21 - You need to construct a 100 pF capacitor for a...Ch. 21 - A switch that connects a battery to a 10 F...Ch. 21 - What is the voltage of a battery that will charge...Ch. 21 - Two electrodes connected to a 9.0 V battery are...Ch. 21 - Initially, the switch in Figure P21 .33 is open...Ch. 21 - A 1.2 nF parallel-plate capacitor has an air gap...Ch. 21 - A science-fair radio uses a homemade capacitor...Ch. 21 - A 25 pF parallel-plate capacitor with an air gap...Ch. 21 - Two 2.0-cm-diameter electrodes with a 0.1...Ch. 21 - A parallel-plate capacitor is connected to a...Ch. 21 - A parallel-plate capacitor is charged by a 12.0 V...Ch. 21 - To what potential should you charge a 1.0 F...Ch. 21 - A pair of 10 F capacitors in a high-power laser...Ch. 21 - Capacitor 2 has half the capacitance and twice the...Ch. 21 - Two uncharged metal spheres, spaced 15.0 cm apart,...Ch. 21 - 50 pJ of energy is stored in a 2.0 cm 2.0 cm 2.0...Ch. 21 - A 2.0-cm-diameter parallel-plate capacitor with a...Ch. 21 - What is the change in electric potential energy of...Ch. 21 - What is the potential difference V34 in Figure...Ch. 21 - A 50 nC charged particle is in a uniform electric...Ch. 21 - At a distance r from a point charge, the electric...Ch. 21 - The 4000 V equipotential surface is 10.0 cm...Ch. 21 - What is the electric potential energy of the...Ch. 21 - Two point charges 2.0 cm apart have an electric...Ch. 21 - Two positive point charges are 5.0 cm apart. If...Ch. 21 - A +3.0 nC charge is at x = 0 cm and a 1.0 nC...Ch. 21 - A 3.0 nC charge is on the x-axis at x = 9 cm and a...Ch. 21 - A 10.0 nC point charge and a +20.0 nC point charge...Ch. 21 - A 2.0-mm-diameter glass bead is positively...Ch. 21 - In a semiclassical model of the hydrogen atom, the...Ch. 21 - What is the electric potential at the point...Ch. 21 - a. What is the electric potential at point A in...Ch. 21 - A protons speed as it passes point A is 50,000...Ch. 21 - A proton follows the path shown in Figure P21.63....Ch. 21 - Electric outlets have a voltage of approximately...Ch. 21 - Estimate the magnitude of the electric field in a...Ch. 21 - A Na+ion moves from inside a cell, where the...Ch. 21 - Suppose that a molecular ion with charge 10e is...Ch. 21 - The electric field strength is 50,000 V/m inside a...Ch. 21 - A parallel-plate capacitor is charged to 5000 V. A...Ch. 21 - A proton is released from rest at the positive...Ch. 21 - The electric field strength is 20,000 V/m inside a...Ch. 21 - In the early 1900s, Robert Millikan used small...Ch. 21 - Two 2.0-cm-diameter disks spaced 2.0 mm apart form...Ch. 21 - In proton-beam therapy, a high-energy beam of...Ch. 21 - A 2.5-mm-diameter sphere is charged to 4.5 nC. An...Ch. 21 - A proton is fired from far away toward the nucleus...Ch. 21 - Two 10.0-cm-diameter electrodes 0.50 cm apart form...Ch. 21 - Two 10.0-cm-diameter electrodes 0.50 cm apart form...Ch. 21 - Determine the magnitude and direction of the...Ch. 21 - Figure P21.81 shows the electric potential on a...Ch. 21 - A capacitor consists of two 6.0-cm-diameter...Ch. 21 - The dielectric in a capacitor serves two purposes....Ch. 21 - The highest magnetic fields in the world are...Ch. 21 - The flash unit in a camera uses a special circuit...Ch. 21 - A Lightning Strike Storm clouds build up large...Ch. 21 - A Lightning Strike Storm clouds build up large...Ch. 21 - A Lightning Strike Storm clouds build up large...Ch. 21 - A Lightning Strike Storm clouds build up large...Ch. 21 - A Lightning Strike Storm clouds build up large...
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- 4. I've assembled the following assortment of point charges (-4 μC, +6 μC, and +3 μC) into a rectangle, bringing them together from an initial situation where they were all an infinite distance away from each other. Find the electric potential at point "A" (marked by the X) and tell me how much work it would require to bring a +10.0 μC charge to point A if it started an infinite distance away (assume that the other three charges remains fixed). 300 mm -4 UC "A" 0.400 mm +6 UC +3 UC 5. It's Friday night, and you've got big party plans. What will you do? Why, make a capacitor, of course! You use aluminum foil as the plates, and since a standard roll of aluminum foil is 30.5 cm wide you make the plates of your capacitor each 30.5 cm by 30.5 cm. You separate the plates with regular paper, which has a thickness of 0.125 mm and a dielectric constant of 3.7. What is the capacitance of your capacitor? If you connect it to a 12 V battery, how much charge is stored on either plate? =arrow_forwardLearning Goal: To understand the meaning and the basic applications of pV diagrams for an ideal gas. As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are described by the equation pV = nRT, where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas, PV T = constant. One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant, it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas: At least one more parameter would also change. For instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can be sure that either the volume or the temperature of the gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change. To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a graph showing one parameter as a function of the other. Although there are many choices of axes, the most common one is a plot of pressure as a function of volume: a pV diagram. In this problem, you…arrow_forwardA-e pleasearrow_forward
- Two moles of carbon monoxide (CO) start at a pressure of 1.4 atm and a volume of 35 liters. The gas is then compressed adiabatically to 1/3 this volume. Assume that the gas may be treated as ideal. Part A What is the change in the internal energy of the gas? Express your answer using two significant figures. ΕΠΙ ΑΣΦ AU = Submit Request Answer Part B Does the internal energy increase or decrease? internal energy increases internal energy decreases Submit Request Answer Part C ? J Does the temperature of the gas increase or decrease during this process? temperature of the gas increases temperature of the gas decreases Submit Request Answerarrow_forwardYour answer is partially correct. Two small objects, A and B, are fixed in place and separated by 2.98 cm in a vacuum. Object A has a charge of +0.776 μC, and object B has a charge of -0.776 μC. How many electrons must be removed from A and put onto B to make the electrostatic force that acts on each object an attractive force whose magnitude is 12.4 N? e (mea is the es a co le E o ussian Number Tevtheel ed Media ! Units No units → answe Tr2Earrow_forward4 Problem 4) A particle is being pushed up a smooth slot by a rod. At the instant when 0 = rad, the angular speed of the arm is ė = 1 rad/sec, and the angular acceleration is = 2 rad/sec². What is the net force acting on the 1 kg particle at this instant? Express your answer as a vector in cylindrical coordinates. Hint: You can express the radial coordinate as a function of the angle by observing a right triangle. (20 pts) Ꮎ 2 m Figure 3: Particle pushed by rod along vertical path.arrow_forward
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