The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is to be stated. Concept introduction: On moving up to down in a group, the principal quantum number ‘n’ increases. Number of shells of electrons increases down the group. Therefore, the size of cation increases down the group. To determine: The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.1VP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is to be stated.

Concept introduction: On moving up to down in a group, the principal quantum number ‘n’ increases. Number of shells of electrons increases down the group. Therefore, the size of cation increases down the group.

To determine: The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 21.1VP

Solution

The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is part (d).

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The periodic trends in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table are shown below.

CHEMISTRY W/WRKBK AND SMARTWORK (LL), Chapter 21, Problem 21.1VP

Figure 1

A cation is formed when a neutral atom loses an electron. When an electron is lost, the electron-electron repulsion in an atom decreases. Hence, the interaction between nucleus and valence electrons increases. Therefore, the size of cation is less than the corresponding atom

On moving up to down in a group, the principal quantum number ‘n’ increases. Number of shells of electrons increases down the group. Therefore, the size of cation increases down the group. On moving right to left, the principal quantum number remains the same but the effective nuclear charge of electron increases. The atomic number of elements decreases. Therefore, the atomic radii of cation also increase on moving right to left across period.

The part that describes the trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is part (d) because in this part, cationic radii is increasing on moving down the group and on moving right to left in a period.

Conclusion

The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is part (d).

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Determine if the following salt is neutral, acidic or basic. If acidic or basic, write the appropriate equilibrium equation for the acid or base that exists when the salt is dissolved in aqueous solution. If neutral, simply write only NR. Be sure to include the proper phases for all species within the reaction. N₂H₅ClO₄

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.1VP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is to be stated.

Concept introduction: On moving up to down in a group, the principal quantum number ‘n’ increases. Number of shells of electrons increases down the group. Therefore, the size of cation increases down the group.

To determine: The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 21.1VP

Solution

The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is part (d).

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The periodic trends in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table are shown below.

CHEMISTRY W/WRKBK AND SMARTWORK (LL), Chapter 21, Problem 21.1VP

Figure 1

A cation is formed when a neutral atom loses an electron. When an electron is lost, the electron-electron repulsion in an atom decreases. Hence, the interaction between nucleus and valence electrons increases. Therefore, the size of cation is less than the corresponding atom

On moving up to down in a group, the principal quantum number ‘n’ increases. Number of shells of electrons increases down the group. Therefore, the size of cation increases down the group. On moving right to left, the principal quantum number remains the same but the effective nuclear charge of electron increases. The atomic number of elements decreases. Therefore, the atomic radii of cation also increase on moving right to left across period.

The part that describes the trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is part (d) because in this part, cationic radii is increasing on moving down the group and on moving right to left in a period.

Conclusion

The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is part (d).

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.1VP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is to be stated.

Concept introduction: On moving up to down in a group, the principal quantum number ‘n’ increases. Number of shells of electrons increases down the group. Therefore, the size of cation increases down the group.

To determine: The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 21.1VP

Solution

The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is part (d).

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The periodic trends in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table are shown below.

CHEMISTRY W/WRKBK AND SMARTWORK (LL), Chapter 21, Problem 21.1VP

Figure 1

A cation is formed when a neutral atom loses an electron. When an electron is lost, the electron-electron repulsion in an atom decreases. Hence, the interaction between nucleus and valence electrons increases. Therefore, the size of cation is less than the corresponding atom

On moving up to down in a group, the principal quantum number ‘n’ increases. Number of shells of electrons increases down the group. Therefore, the size of cation increases down the group. On moving right to left, the principal quantum number remains the same but the effective nuclear charge of electron increases. The atomic number of elements decreases. Therefore, the atomic radii of cation also increase on moving right to left across period.

The part that describes the trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is part (d) because in this part, cationic radii is increasing on moving down the group and on moving right to left in a period.

Conclusion

The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is part (d).

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.1VP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is to be stated.

Concept introduction: On moving up to down in a group, the principal quantum number ‘n’ increases. Number of shells of electrons increases down the group. Therefore, the size of cation increases down the group.

To determine: The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 21.1VP

Solution

The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is part (d).

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The periodic trends in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table are shown below.

CHEMISTRY W/WRKBK AND SMARTWORK (LL), Chapter 21, Problem 21.1VP

Figure 1

A cation is formed when a neutral atom loses an electron. When an electron is lost, the electron-electron repulsion in an atom decreases. Hence, the interaction between nucleus and valence electrons increases. Therefore, the size of cation is less than the corresponding atom

On moving up to down in a group, the principal quantum number ‘n’ increases. Number of shells of electrons increases down the group. Therefore, the size of cation increases down the group. On moving right to left, the principal quantum number remains the same but the effective nuclear charge of electron increases. The atomic number of elements decreases. Therefore, the atomic radii of cation also increase on moving right to left across period.

The part that describes the trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is part (d) because in this part, cationic radii is increasing on moving down the group and on moving right to left in a period.

Conclusion

The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is part (d).

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 21.1VP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is to be stated.

Concept introduction: On moving up to down in a group, the principal quantum number ‘n’ increases. Number of shells of electrons increases down the group. Therefore, the size of cation increases down the group.

To determine: The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 21.1VP

Solution

The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is part (d).

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The periodic trends in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table are shown below.

CHEMISTRY W/WRKBK AND SMARTWORK (LL), Chapter 21, Problem 21.1VP

Figure 1

A cation is formed when a neutral atom loses an electron. When an electron is lost, the electron-electron repulsion in an atom decreases. Hence, the interaction between nucleus and valence electrons increases. Therefore, the size of cation is less than the corresponding atom

On moving up to down in a group, the principal quantum number ‘n’ increases. Number of shells of electrons increases down the group. Therefore, the size of cation increases down the group. On moving right to left, the principal quantum number remains the same but the effective nuclear charge of electron increases. The atomic number of elements decreases. Therefore, the atomic radii of cation also increase on moving right to left across period.

The part that describes the trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is part (d) because in this part, cationic radii is increasing on moving down the group and on moving right to left in a period.

Conclusion

The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is part (d).

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 21.1VP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is to be stated.

Concept introduction: On moving up to down in a group, the principal quantum number ‘n’ increases. Number of shells of electrons increases down the group. Therefore, the size of cation increases down the group.

To determine: The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 21.1VP

Solution

The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is part (d).

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The periodic trends in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table are shown below.

CHEMISTRY W/WRKBK AND SMARTWORK (LL), Chapter 21, Problem 21.1VP

Figure 1

A cation is formed when a neutral atom loses an electron. When an electron is lost, the electron-electron repulsion in an atom decreases. Hence, the interaction between nucleus and valence electrons increases. Therefore, the size of cation is less than the corresponding atom

On moving up to down in a group, the principal quantum number ‘n’ increases. Number of shells of electrons increases down the group. Therefore, the size of cation increases down the group. On moving right to left, the principal quantum number remains the same but the effective nuclear charge of electron increases. The atomic number of elements decreases. Therefore, the atomic radii of cation also increase on moving right to left across period.

The part that describes the trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is part (d) because in this part, cationic radii is increasing on moving down the group and on moving right to left in a period.

Conclusion

The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is part (d).

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 21.1VP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is to be stated.

Concept introduction: On moving up to down in a group, the principal quantum number ‘n’ increases. Number of shells of electrons increases down the group. Therefore, the size of cation increases down the group.

To determine: The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 21.1VP

Solution

The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is part (d).

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The periodic trends in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table are shown below.

CHEMISTRY W/WRKBK AND SMARTWORK (LL), Chapter 21, Problem 21.1VP

Figure 1

A cation is formed when a neutral atom loses an electron. When an electron is lost, the electron-electron repulsion in an atom decreases. Hence, the interaction between nucleus and valence electrons increases. Therefore, the size of cation is less than the corresponding atom

On moving up to down in a group, the principal quantum number ‘n’ increases. Number of shells of electrons increases down the group. Therefore, the size of cation increases down the group. On moving right to left, the principal quantum number remains the same but the effective nuclear charge of electron increases. The atomic number of elements decreases. Therefore, the atomic radii of cation also increase on moving right to left across period.

The part that describes the trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is part (d) because in this part, cationic radii is increasing on moving down the group and on moving right to left in a period.

Conclusion

The part of Figure P21.1 that best describes the periodic trend in monatomic cation radii moving up or down a group or across a period in the periodic table is part (d).

Answer 12

Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 1PE Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 2PE Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 3PE Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 4PE Ch. 21.6 - Prob. 5PE Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.1VP Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.2VP Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.3VP Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.4VP Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.5VP

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