To give: The definitions of the terms genetic, chromosomal, developmental, and multifactorial disorders. Concept introduction: Genetics is the study of genes at all levels, such as the way they act in the cell and how they are transmitted from the parents to the offspring. Genes consist of DNA that codes for synthesis of functional proteins. Genes have alternate forms known as alleles which are transmitted to the offspring. Alleles occupy the same position known as locus on chromosomes. Chromosomes are the structures that carry genes.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To give: The definitions of the terms genetic, chromosomal, developmental, and multifactorial disorders.

Concept introduction: Genetics is the study of genes at all levels, such as the way they act in the cell and how they are transmitted from the parents to the offspring. Genes consist of DNA that codes for synthesis of functional proteins. Genes have alternate forms known as alleles which are transmitted to the offspring. Alleles occupy the same position known as locus on chromosomes. Chromosomes are the structures that carry genes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Definitions:

Genetic disorders: If there is a mutation in a gene or genes, it changes the instructions in gene sequence to form proteins. As a result, the protein does not work properly or is absent leading to a medical condition. This medical condition is referred as genetic disorder.

Chromosomal disorders: These disorders arise when chromosomes or part of chromosomes get missed or are changed, such as chromosome translocations. For example, Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder. It is a type of genetic disorders.

Developmental disorder: These are also known as developmental disabilities and are characterized by group of conditions caused due to impairment in physical, learning, or behavior areas. They may affect physical ability or mental ability, or may affect both.

Multifactorial disorders: These disorders are caused when inheritance and phenotypic expression are determined by multiple genes at different loci with certain environmental factors. The effects of genes are cumulative with each gene contributing some part in the final phenotype.

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DaVita Dietitian Reference Manual Module 7- Adequacy of Hemodialysis CASE STUDIES Case 1 David was diagnosed with chronic kidney disease a year ago, and now needs hemodialysis. At his first treatment, the nurse hooks up the bloodlines to an access in David's chest. He tells her that he had surgery on his arm three months ago so it can be used for dialysis eventually. 1. What type of access does David have for the initial treatment? 2. Is David's arm access most likely a graft or fistula? 3. What possible reasons prevent use of a fistula or graft for the first dialysis treatment? Case 2 Ramon, a hemodialysis patient for six years, has lost 1.5 kg over the past six weeks. He denies nausea or vomiting, but does admit to eating less at meals and skipping dinner some days. Current dialysis prescription is: 3 1/2 hours (210 minutes), 3 times a week, ASAHI 1050S, APS dialyzer, dialysis flow rate 800 ml/min, blood flow rate 400 ml/min. Monthly bloodwork is as follows: Date K PO4 Pre-BUN…

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DaVita Dietitian Reference Manual Module 7 - Adequacy of Hemodialysis Case 3 Beverly's monthly adequacy of dialysis results came back lower than usual. Her Kt/V is 1.13. Flow sheet data reveals the following: Prescribed BFR 400, patient ran BFR 325 during treatment Blood pressure dropped to 72/58 during treatment, so UFR was turned off. Dry weight 65 kg, pre dialysis weight 69 kg, post dialysis weight 66.5 kg 1. What are DaVita's goals for Kt/V? 2. What is your impression of why the Kt/V is low? 3. What additional information would help in determining why Beverly's adequacy results were below goal?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To give: The definitions of the terms genetic, chromosomal, developmental, and multifactorial disorders.

Concept introduction: Genetics is the study of genes at all levels, such as the way they act in the cell and how they are transmitted from the parents to the offspring. Genes consist of DNA that codes for synthesis of functional proteins. Genes have alternate forms known as alleles which are transmitted to the offspring. Alleles occupy the same position known as locus on chromosomes. Chromosomes are the structures that carry genes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Definitions:

Genetic disorders: If there is a mutation in a gene or genes, it changes the instructions in gene sequence to form proteins. As a result, the protein does not work properly or is absent leading to a medical condition. This medical condition is referred as genetic disorder.

Chromosomal disorders: These disorders arise when chromosomes or part of chromosomes get missed or are changed, such as chromosome translocations. For example, Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder. It is a type of genetic disorders.

Developmental disorder: These are also known as developmental disabilities and are characterized by group of conditions caused due to impairment in physical, learning, or behavior areas. They may affect physical ability or mental ability, or may affect both.

Multifactorial disorders: These disorders are caused when inheritance and phenotypic expression are determined by multiple genes at different loci with certain environmental factors. The effects of genes are cumulative with each gene contributing some part in the final phenotype.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To give: The definitions of the terms genetic, chromosomal, developmental, and multifactorial disorders.

Concept introduction: Genetics is the study of genes at all levels, such as the way they act in the cell and how they are transmitted from the parents to the offspring. Genes consist of DNA that codes for synthesis of functional proteins. Genes have alternate forms known as alleles which are transmitted to the offspring. Alleles occupy the same position known as locus on chromosomes. Chromosomes are the structures that carry genes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Definitions:

Genetic disorders: If there is a mutation in a gene or genes, it changes the instructions in gene sequence to form proteins. As a result, the protein does not work properly or is absent leading to a medical condition. This medical condition is referred as genetic disorder.

Chromosomal disorders: These disorders arise when chromosomes or part of chromosomes get missed or are changed, such as chromosome translocations. For example, Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder. It is a type of genetic disorders.

Developmental disorder: These are also known as developmental disabilities and are characterized by group of conditions caused due to impairment in physical, learning, or behavior areas. They may affect physical ability or mental ability, or may affect both.

Multifactorial disorders: These disorders are caused when inheritance and phenotypic expression are determined by multiple genes at different loci with certain environmental factors. The effects of genes are cumulative with each gene contributing some part in the final phenotype.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To give: The definitions of the terms genetic, chromosomal, developmental, and multifactorial disorders.

Concept introduction: Genetics is the study of genes at all levels, such as the way they act in the cell and how they are transmitted from the parents to the offspring. Genes consist of DNA that codes for synthesis of functional proteins. Genes have alternate forms known as alleles which are transmitted to the offspring. Alleles occupy the same position known as locus on chromosomes. Chromosomes are the structures that carry genes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Definitions:

Genetic disorders: If there is a mutation in a gene or genes, it changes the instructions in gene sequence to form proteins. As a result, the protein does not work properly or is absent leading to a medical condition. This medical condition is referred as genetic disorder.

Chromosomal disorders: These disorders arise when chromosomes or part of chromosomes get missed or are changed, such as chromosome translocations. For example, Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder. It is a type of genetic disorders.

Developmental disorder: These are also known as developmental disabilities and are characterized by group of conditions caused due to impairment in physical, learning, or behavior areas. They may affect physical ability or mental ability, or may affect both.

Multifactorial disorders: These disorders are caused when inheritance and phenotypic expression are determined by multiple genes at different loci with certain environmental factors. The effects of genes are cumulative with each gene contributing some part in the final phenotype.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To give: The definitions of the terms genetic, chromosomal, developmental, and multifactorial disorders.

Concept introduction: Genetics is the study of genes at all levels, such as the way they act in the cell and how they are transmitted from the parents to the offspring. Genes consist of DNA that codes for synthesis of functional proteins. Genes have alternate forms known as alleles which are transmitted to the offspring. Alleles occupy the same position known as locus on chromosomes. Chromosomes are the structures that carry genes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Definitions:

Genetic disorders: If there is a mutation in a gene or genes, it changes the instructions in gene sequence to form proteins. As a result, the protein does not work properly or is absent leading to a medical condition. This medical condition is referred as genetic disorder.

Chromosomal disorders: These disorders arise when chromosomes or part of chromosomes get missed or are changed, such as chromosome translocations. For example, Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder. It is a type of genetic disorders.

Developmental disorder: These are also known as developmental disabilities and are characterized by group of conditions caused due to impairment in physical, learning, or behavior areas. They may affect physical ability or mental ability, or may affect both.

Multifactorial disorders: These disorders are caused when inheritance and phenotypic expression are determined by multiple genes at different loci with certain environmental factors. The effects of genes are cumulative with each gene contributing some part in the final phenotype.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To give: The definitions of the terms genetic, chromosomal, developmental, and multifactorial disorders.

Concept introduction: Genetics is the study of genes at all levels, such as the way they act in the cell and how they are transmitted from the parents to the offspring. Genes consist of DNA that codes for synthesis of functional proteins. Genes have alternate forms known as alleles which are transmitted to the offspring. Alleles occupy the same position known as locus on chromosomes. Chromosomes are the structures that carry genes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Definitions:

Genetic disorders: If there is a mutation in a gene or genes, it changes the instructions in gene sequence to form proteins. As a result, the protein does not work properly or is absent leading to a medical condition. This medical condition is referred as genetic disorder.

Chromosomal disorders: These disorders arise when chromosomes or part of chromosomes get missed or are changed, such as chromosome translocations. For example, Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder. It is a type of genetic disorders.

Developmental disorder: These are also known as developmental disabilities and are characterized by group of conditions caused due to impairment in physical, learning, or behavior areas. They may affect physical ability or mental ability, or may affect both.

Multifactorial disorders: These disorders are caused when inheritance and phenotypic expression are determined by multiple genes at different loci with certain environmental factors. The effects of genes are cumulative with each gene contributing some part in the final phenotype.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To give: The definitions of the terms genetic, chromosomal, developmental, and multifactorial disorders.

Concept introduction: Genetics is the study of genes at all levels, such as the way they act in the cell and how they are transmitted from the parents to the offspring. Genes consist of DNA that codes for synthesis of functional proteins. Genes have alternate forms known as alleles which are transmitted to the offspring. Alleles occupy the same position known as locus on chromosomes. Chromosomes are the structures that carry genes.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Definitions:

Genetic disorders: If there is a mutation in a gene or genes, it changes the instructions in gene sequence to form proteins. As a result, the protein does not work properly or is absent leading to a medical condition. This medical condition is referred as genetic disorder.

Chromosomal disorders: These disorders arise when chromosomes or part of chromosomes get missed or are changed, such as chromosome translocations. For example, Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder. It is a type of genetic disorders.

Developmental disorder: These are also known as developmental disabilities and are characterized by group of conditions caused due to impairment in physical, learning, or behavior areas. They may affect physical ability or mental ability, or may affect both.

Multifactorial disorders: These disorders are caused when inheritance and phenotypic expression are determined by multiple genes at different loci with certain environmental factors. The effects of genes are cumulative with each gene contributing some part in the final phenotype.