Chapter 21, Problem 1CR

To determine

The cradle-to-cradle concept and its credibility as a true form of biomimicry. The two strategies that are used to employ this particular concept.

Answer to Problem 1CR

The cradle-to-cradle approach suggests that all products should be a part of a continuing cycle rather than becoming solid waste. This concept is a true form of biomimicry because it helps in the implementation of the chemical cycle. The exclusion of toxic substances and sell services instead of products are the two strategies to apply the cradle-to-cradle approach.

Explanation of Solution

The cradle-to-cradle design was designed by William McDonough, and this approach was first explored by Walter Stahel in 1970s. In this concept, the products are thought to be part of a continuing cycle rather than becoming a solid waste. In some economies, products are repeatedly reused in other products. The parts that are no longer beneficial will be degraded, and their materials and nutrients would be recycled. The degradable parts are considered as biological nutrients, and reused parts are technical nutrients.

The cradle-to-cradle design is a true form of biomimicry because it helps to implement the chemical cycle of the Earth, which is a principle of sustainability.

Following are the ways to apply this design:

(i) Exclusion of toxic substances: It is an important way to design a cradle-to-cradle approach. If a product requires heavy metal, which is toxic, then the non-toxic substitute should be used in the place of the toxic heavy metal.

(ii) Sell services instead of products: This is the strategy to apply the cradle-to-cradle design— for example, if carpeting deals as service for floor covering, the company will own the carpets and will replace the worn carpets regularly. Also, the company will recycle the materials from worn carpets to make new ones.