Chapter 20.14, Problem 31ATS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Reagents used for the conversion of compound 1 to 2 have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Hydroboration reaction: The reaction involves addition of $B{H}_3$ over alkene which makes $B{H}_2$ to bond with less substituted position of carbon-carbon double bonds and $H$ to more substituted position of carbon-carbon double bonds which finally carbon containing $B{H}_2$ gets oxidized in order to achieve the product with less substitution.

Oxidation: If electrons are moved from a species or oxygen atoms are added to a species or hydrogen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as oxidation.

Anti-Markovnikov’s Addition Rule: The unsymmetrical alkene in a chemical compound reacts with hydrogen halide in a way, where halide ions attacks and bond to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Reagents used for the conversion of compound 2 to 3 have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation: If electrons are moved from a species or oxygen atoms are added to a species or hydrogen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as oxidation.

Chromic acid: $H_{2}Cr{O}_4$ is a very strong acid that is used to convert primary alcohols and aldehydes to carboxylic acids and secondary alcohols to ketones. It is often made through an in-situ reaction of $N{a}_{2}C{r}_2{O}_7$ and $H_{2}S{O}_4$.

Thionyl chloride: $SOC{l}_2$ is used convert to a carboxylic acid to an acid halide. It is also used to form nitrile by dehydrating an amide.