Chapter 20, Problem 56AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The ratios of occupational probability between a pair of given levels at thermal equilibrium and temperature ${\text{25}}^{\text{o}}\text{C}$ should be determined.

Concept Introduction:The population ratio is calculated using the Boltzmann distribution as a function of energy difference and the temperature. The population ratio is given by the formula:

$\frac{{\text{N}}_{\text{i}}}{\text{N}}\text{= exp}\left[\frac{\text{-ΔE}}{{\text{K}}_{\text{B}}\text{T}}\right]$

Where ${\text{N}}_{\text{i}}$ and $\text{N}$ are the populations of two energy states, $\text{ΔE}$ is difference in energy between the states, ${\text{K}}_{\text{B}}$ is Boltzmann constant having value $\text{1}\text{.381}\times {\text{10}}^{-23}\text{J/K}$ and $\text{T}$ is temperature in Kelvin.