Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Hybrid Edition (with OWLv2 24-Months Printed Access Card)
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Hybrid Edition (with OWLv2 24-Months Printed Access Card)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781285462530
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 20, Problem 40GQ

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The pH at which [H2CO3]=[HCO3-] should be determined using the given graph.

Concept introduction:

Ocean acidification: The increase in concentration of carbon-dioxide in the atmosphere leads to ocean acidification. The amount is increasing day by day and this increase will lead to higher concentrations of dissolved CO2 and as a result the amount of carbonic acid also will be higher.

The concentration of hydronium ion is a key factor for many biochemical reactions. So variation may affect the organisms in the oceans.

The relationship between ocean pH and atmospheric CO2 is that they are inversely proportional. The hydrogen ion concentration will be increased as the concentration of dissolved CO2 increases and thus pH will be decreased.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 40GQ

The pH at which the [H2CO3]=[HCO3-] is approximately 6.4

Explanation of Solution

If the concentration of dissolved CO2 is increased, then the pH will be decreased as a result of the increase in concentration of hydrogen ion.

The graph showing the fraction of species in the solution as a function of pH is given below.

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Hybrid Edition (with OWLv2 24-Months Printed Access Card), Chapter 20, Problem 40GQ , additional homework tip  1

From the graph we can identify the pH at which the [H2CO3]=[HCO3-]

The fraction of dissociation will be 0.50 when the concentration of both the species will be equal.

The pH corresponding to the equal concentration is approximately 6.4 from the graph.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The pH at which the [HCO3-]=[CO32-] should be determined using the given graph.

Concept introduction:

Ocean acidification: The increase in concentration of carbon-dioxide in the atmosphere leads to ocean acidification. The amount is increasing day by day and this increase will lead to higher concentrations of dissolved CO2 and as a result the amount of carbonic acid also will be higher.

The concentration of hydronium ion is a key factor for many biochemical reactions. So variation may affect the organisms in the oceans.

The relationship between ocean pH and atmospheric CO2 is that they are inversely proportional. The hydrogen ion concentration will be increased as the concentration of dissolved CO2 increases and thus pH will be decreased.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 40GQ

The pH at which the [HCO3-]=[CO32-] is approximately 10.3

Explanation of Solution

If the concentration of dissolved CO2 is increased, then the pH will be decreased as a result of the increase in concentration of hydrogen ion.

The graph showing the fraction of species in the solution as a function of pH is given below.

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Hybrid Edition (with OWLv2 24-Months Printed Access Card), Chapter 20, Problem 40GQ , additional homework tip  2

From the graph we can identify the pH at which the [HCO3-]=[CO32-]

The fraction of dissociation will be 0.50 when the concentration of both the species will be equal.

The pH corresponding to the equal concentration is approximately 10.3 from the graph.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The predominant species in the solution when the pH is 8 should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ocean acidification: The increase in concentration of carbon-dioxide in the atmosphere leads to ocean acidification. The amount is increasing day by day and this increase will lead to higher concentrations of dissolved CO2 and as a result the amount of carbonic acid also will be higher.

The concentration of hydronium ion is a key factor for many biochemical reactions. So variation may affect the organisms in the oceans.

The relationship between ocean pH and atmospheric CO2 is that they are inversely proportional. The hydrogen ion concentration will be increased as the concentration of dissolved CO2 increases and thus pH will be decreased.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 40GQ

The predominant species in the solution when the pH is 8 is [HCO3-].

Explanation of Solution

If the concentration of dissolved CO2 is increased, then the pH will be decreased as a result of the increase in concentration of hydrogen ion.

The graph showing the fraction of species in the solution as a function of pH is given below.

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Hybrid Edition (with OWLv2 24-Months Printed Access Card), Chapter 20, Problem 40GQ , additional homework tip  3

When the pH 8, H2CO3 and CO32- will be minimum and the [HCO3-] will be maximum.

From the graph it is clear that, the predominant species when the pH is 8 is [HCO3-].

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The predominant species in the solution when the pH7 should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Ocean acidification: The increase in concentration of carbon-dioxide in the atmosphere leads to ocean acidification. The amount is increasing day by day and this increase will lead to higher concentrations of dissolved CO2 and as a result the amount of carbonic acid also will be higher.

The concentration of hydronium ion is a key factor for many biochemical reactions. So variation may affect the organisms in the oceans.

The relationship between ocean pH and atmospheric CO2 is that they are inversely proportional. The hydrogen ion concentration will be increased as the concentration of dissolved CO2 increases and thus pH will be decreased.

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 40GQ

The predominant species in the solution when the pH is 7 is [HCO3-].

Explanation of Solution

If the concentration of dissolved CO2 is increased, then the pH will be decreased as a result of the increase in concentration of hydrogen ion.

The graph showing the fraction of species in the solution as a function of pH is given below.

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Hybrid Edition (with OWLv2 24-Months Printed Access Card), Chapter 20, Problem 40GQ , additional homework tip  4

When the pH is 7, the fraction of species is more for HCO3-.

From the graph it is clear that, the predominant species when the pH is 7 is [HCO3-].

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