Elementary Surveying: An Introduction To Geomatics (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604657
Author: Charles D. Ghilani
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 20, Problem 20.1P
To determine
Advantages of placing surveys on plane co-ordinate systems.
Expert Solution & Answer
Explanation of Solution
Following are the advantages of placing surveys on plane co-ordinate system:
- The determination of calculations that are necessary for geodetic positions taken from
survey observations are lengthy and tedious to work upon, and most of the practicing surveyors are not acquainted with these procedures so it’s easy to work with plane co-ordinate system as in order to get distances, azimuthfrom them by using simple coordinate geometrical formulae. - It’s such a projection that provides the datum for horizontal control lines with reference to a common datum in a large area as incase of geoid providing for vertical control via single common datum.
- The coordinates are available for all control points in the National Spatial Reference system (NSRS) and many other control points as well in plane coordinate system.
- These are widely used for reference points for commencing surveys of all types, encompassing those for highway construction projects, property boundary delineation, and photogrammetric mapping.
- It’s possible for extensive surveys on highway projects to begin on one control station and close on another that is tied to the same coordinate system.
- On boundary surveys, if a parcel’s corners are referenced to the state plane coordinate system, their locations are basically indestructible. The iron pipes, posts, or other monuments marking their positions may disappear, but their original locations can be restored from surveys initiated at other nearby monuments referenced to the state plane coordinate system or by GNSS surveys.
- It’s highly recommended for reference framing of entire maps and other data into land and GIS in order to make all the data referenced to a common system, which makes it easy to register and analyze.
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Following are the data of gauge and discharge collected at a particular section of the river by stream gauging operation.
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7.65
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8.08
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R2 log
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Q2/ A (2m x 4 m) rectangular flexible foundation is placed above the ground
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Elasticity (E.) of the upper layer is 13 MN/m² and that of the lower layer is
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Q1/ Find the maximum allowable load for a square foundation (3 m x 3 m) placed
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Chapter 20 Solutions
Elementary Surveying: An Introduction To Geomatics (15th Edition)
Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.1PCh. 20 - What are developable surfaces?Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.3PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.4PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.5PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.6PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.7PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.8PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.9PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.10P
Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.11PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.12PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.13PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.14PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.15PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.16PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.19PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.20PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.21PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.22PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.23PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.24PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.27PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.28PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.29PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.30PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.31PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.32PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.33PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.34PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.35PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.36PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.37PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.39PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.40PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.41PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.42PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.43PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.44PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.45PCh. 20 - Prob. 20.46P
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