In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is A. a shared ancestral character. B. a shared derived character. C. a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals. D. an example of analogy rather than homology.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1TYU

In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is

A. a shared ancestral character.
B. a shared derived character.
C. a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals.
D. an example of analogy rather than homology.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

A shared ancestral character is referred to as a character that initially originated from an ancestor of a taxon. Therefore, such shared ancestral character is shared with other taxa that have an earlier last common ancestor. Common internal structures can be shared by two different organisms from different taxa, for examples, the limbs of birds and humans; flipper of a whale and wings of a bat; and the limbs of a bat and deer.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

A shared ancestral character is inherited from a common ancestor and can appear anywhere in a phylogenetic tree, its presence does not confirm anything about the relationships within that tree. Therefore, option (A) is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct statement:

A shared ancestral character is common in two lineages, for example, the limb of a human and bird. Both have a similar internal structure, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than terrestrial vertebrates.

Option (A) is given as “a shared ancestral character”.

“In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character”, hence, it is the right answer.

Hence, option (A) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (B) is given as “a shared derived character”.

The shared derived character evolved in the lineage leads up to the clade and that places members of that clade apart from other individuals. Shared derived characters are used to group organisms into clades. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals”.

As the shared ancestral character is one that is common in two taxa, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than mammals. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (D) is given as “an example of analogy rather than homology”.

As analogous organs have similar functions but different origins, whereas homologous organs have similar origin but different functions. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (B), (C), and (D) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character that shows the two taxa shared by a common ancestor.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

Derived characters are traits: A. that are more complicated than ancestral characters B. that characterize the last common ancestor of a particular collection of species. C. that have evolved after the last common ancestor of a particulan collection of species. D. that are less well suited to the environment than ancestral characters.

The bones in the front fins of whales and the bones in the human arm evolved from a common ancestor but carry out different functions. This is an example of A. homologous structures. B. vestigial structures. C. analogous structures. D. embryonic structures.

Which of the following pairs of structures is least likely to represent homology? Group of answer choices A. The mitochondria of a plant and those of an animal. B. The wings of a bird and those of an insect. C. The hemoglobin of a baboon and that of a gorilla. D. The brain of a cat and that of a dog. E. The wings of a bat and the arms of a human.

Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1TYU

In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is

A. a shared ancestral character.
B. a shared derived character.
C. a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals.
D. an example of analogy rather than homology.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

A shared ancestral character is referred to as a character that initially originated from an ancestor of a taxon. Therefore, such shared ancestral character is shared with other taxa that have an earlier last common ancestor. Common internal structures can be shared by two different organisms from different taxa, for examples, the limbs of birds and humans; flipper of a whale and wings of a bat; and the limbs of a bat and deer.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

A shared ancestral character is inherited from a common ancestor and can appear anywhere in a phylogenetic tree, its presence does not confirm anything about the relationships within that tree. Therefore, option (A) is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct statement:

A shared ancestral character is common in two lineages, for example, the limb of a human and bird. Both have a similar internal structure, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than terrestrial vertebrates.

Option (A) is given as “a shared ancestral character”.

“In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character”, hence, it is the right answer.

Hence, option (A) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (B) is given as “a shared derived character”.

The shared derived character evolved in the lineage leads up to the clade and that places members of that clade apart from other individuals. Shared derived characters are used to group organisms into clades. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals”.

As the shared ancestral character is one that is common in two taxa, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than mammals. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (D) is given as “an example of analogy rather than homology”.

As analogous organs have similar functions but different origins, whereas homologous organs have similar origin but different functions. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (B), (C), and (D) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character that shows the two taxa shared by a common ancestor.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1TYU

In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is

A. a shared ancestral character.
B. a shared derived character.
C. a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals.
D. an example of analogy rather than homology.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

A shared ancestral character is referred to as a character that initially originated from an ancestor of a taxon. Therefore, such shared ancestral character is shared with other taxa that have an earlier last common ancestor. Common internal structures can be shared by two different organisms from different taxa, for examples, the limbs of birds and humans; flipper of a whale and wings of a bat; and the limbs of a bat and deer.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

A shared ancestral character is inherited from a common ancestor and can appear anywhere in a phylogenetic tree, its presence does not confirm anything about the relationships within that tree. Therefore, option (A) is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct statement:

A shared ancestral character is common in two lineages, for example, the limb of a human and bird. Both have a similar internal structure, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than terrestrial vertebrates.

Option (A) is given as “a shared ancestral character”.

“In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character”, hence, it is the right answer.

Hence, option (A) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (B) is given as “a shared derived character”.

The shared derived character evolved in the lineage leads up to the clade and that places members of that clade apart from other individuals. Shared derived characters are used to group organisms into clades. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals”.

As the shared ancestral character is one that is common in two taxa, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than mammals. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (D) is given as “an example of analogy rather than homology”.

As analogous organs have similar functions but different origins, whereas homologous organs have similar origin but different functions. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (B), (C), and (D) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character that shows the two taxa shared by a common ancestor.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1TYU

In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is

A. a shared ancestral character.
B. a shared derived character.
C. a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals.
D. an example of analogy rather than homology.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

A shared ancestral character is referred to as a character that initially originated from an ancestor of a taxon. Therefore, such shared ancestral character is shared with other taxa that have an earlier last common ancestor. Common internal structures can be shared by two different organisms from different taxa, for examples, the limbs of birds and humans; flipper of a whale and wings of a bat; and the limbs of a bat and deer.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

A shared ancestral character is inherited from a common ancestor and can appear anywhere in a phylogenetic tree, its presence does not confirm anything about the relationships within that tree. Therefore, option (A) is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct statement:

A shared ancestral character is common in two lineages, for example, the limb of a human and bird. Both have a similar internal structure, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than terrestrial vertebrates.

Option (A) is given as “a shared ancestral character”.

“In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character”, hence, it is the right answer.

Hence, option (A) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (B) is given as “a shared derived character”.

The shared derived character evolved in the lineage leads up to the clade and that places members of that clade apart from other individuals. Shared derived characters are used to group organisms into clades. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals”.

As the shared ancestral character is one that is common in two taxa, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than mammals. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (D) is given as “an example of analogy rather than homology”.

As analogous organs have similar functions but different origins, whereas homologous organs have similar origin but different functions. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (B), (C), and (D) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character that shows the two taxa shared by a common ancestor.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

A shared ancestral character is referred to as a character that initially originated from an ancestor of a taxon. Therefore, such shared ancestral character is shared with other taxa that have an earlier last common ancestor. Common internal structures can be shared by two different organisms from different taxa, for examples, the limbs of birds and humans; flipper of a whale and wings of a bat; and the limbs of a bat and deer.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

A shared ancestral character is inherited from a common ancestor and can appear anywhere in a phylogenetic tree, its presence does not confirm anything about the relationships within that tree. Therefore, option (A) is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct statement:

A shared ancestral character is common in two lineages, for example, the limb of a human and bird. Both have a similar internal structure, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than terrestrial vertebrates.

Option (A) is given as “a shared ancestral character”.

“In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character”, hence, it is the right answer.

Hence, option (A) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (B) is given as “a shared derived character”.

The shared derived character evolved in the lineage leads up to the clade and that places members of that clade apart from other individuals. Shared derived characters are used to group organisms into clades. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals”.

As the shared ancestral character is one that is common in two taxa, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than mammals. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (D) is given as “an example of analogy rather than homology”.

As analogous organs have similar functions but different origins, whereas homologous organs have similar origin but different functions. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (B), (C), and (D) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character that shows the two taxa shared by a common ancestor.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

A shared ancestral character is referred to as a character that initially originated from an ancestor of a taxon. Therefore, such shared ancestral character is shared with other taxa that have an earlier last common ancestor. Common internal structures can be shared by two different organisms from different taxa, for examples, the limbs of birds and humans; flipper of a whale and wings of a bat; and the limbs of a bat and deer.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

A shared ancestral character is inherited from a common ancestor and can appear anywhere in a phylogenetic tree, its presence does not confirm anything about the relationships within that tree. Therefore, option (A) is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct statement:

A shared ancestral character is common in two lineages, for example, the limb of a human and bird. Both have a similar internal structure, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than terrestrial vertebrates.

Option (A) is given as “a shared ancestral character”.

“In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character”, hence, it is the right answer.

Hence, option (A) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (B) is given as “a shared derived character”.

The shared derived character evolved in the lineage leads up to the clade and that places members of that clade apart from other individuals. Shared derived characters are used to group organisms into clades. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals”.

As the shared ancestral character is one that is common in two taxa, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than mammals. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (D) is given as “an example of analogy rather than homology”.

As analogous organs have similar functions but different origins, whereas homologous organs have similar origin but different functions. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (B), (C), and (D) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character that shows the two taxa shared by a common ancestor.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

A shared ancestral character is referred to as a character that initially originated from an ancestor of a taxon. Therefore, such shared ancestral character is shared with other taxa that have an earlier last common ancestor. Common internal structures can be shared by two different organisms from different taxa, for examples, the limbs of birds and humans; flipper of a whale and wings of a bat; and the limbs of a bat and deer.

Answer 12

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

A shared ancestral character is inherited from a common ancestor and can appear anywhere in a phylogenetic tree, its presence does not confirm anything about the relationships within that tree. Therefore, option (A) is correct.

Answer 13

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct statement:

A shared ancestral character is common in two lineages, for example, the limb of a human and bird. Both have a similar internal structure, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than terrestrial vertebrates.

Option (A) is given as “a shared ancestral character”.

“In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character”, hence, it is the right answer.

Hence, option (A) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (B) is given as “a shared derived character”.

The shared derived character evolved in the lineage leads up to the clade and that places members of that clade apart from other individuals. Shared derived characters are used to group organisms into clades. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals”.

As the shared ancestral character is one that is common in two taxa, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than mammals. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (D) is given as “an example of analogy rather than homology”.

As analogous organs have similar functions but different origins, whereas homologous organs have similar origin but different functions. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (B), (C), and (D) are incorrect.

Answer 14

Conclusion

In the comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character that shows the two taxa shared by a common ancestor.

Answer 15

Ch. 20.1 - Based on the tree in Figure 20.4, are leopards...Ch. 20.1 - Which of the trees shown here depicts an...Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 20.2 - Decide whether each of the following pairs of...Ch. 20.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose that two species, A and B, have...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 20.3 - The most parsimonious tree of evolutionary...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 20.4 - What is a molecular clock? What assumption...Ch. 20.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review Concept 14.5. Then...

In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is A. a shared ancestral character. B. a shared derived character. C. a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals. D. an example of analogy rather than homology.

Concept explainers

Videos

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Explanation of Solution

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Chapter 20 Solutions

Additional Science Textbook Solutions