In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is A. a shared ancestral character. B. a shared derived character. C. a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals. D. an example of analogy rather than homology.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1TYU

In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is

A. a shared ancestral character.
B. a shared derived character.
C. a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals.
D. an example of analogy rather than homology.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

A shared ancestral character is referred to as a character that initially originated from an ancestor of a taxon. Therefore, such shared ancestral character is shared with other taxa that have an earlier last common ancestor. Common internal structures can be shared by two different organisms from different taxa, for examples, the limbs of birds and humans; flipper of a whale and wings of a bat; and the limbs of a bat and deer.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

A shared ancestral character is inherited from a common ancestor and can appear anywhere in a phylogenetic tree, its presence does not confirm anything about the relationships within that tree. Therefore, option (A) is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct statement:

A shared ancestral character is common in two lineages, for example, the limb of a human and bird. Both have a similar internal structure, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than terrestrial vertebrates.

Option (A) is given as “a shared ancestral character”.

“In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character”, hence, it is the right answer.

Hence, option (A) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (B) is given as “a shared derived character”.

The shared derived character evolved in the lineage leads up to the clade and that places members of that clade apart from other individuals. Shared derived characters are used to group organisms into clades. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals”.

As the shared ancestral character is one that is common in two taxa, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than mammals. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (D) is given as “an example of analogy rather than homology”.

As analogous organs have similar functions but different origins, whereas homologous organs have similar origin but different functions. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (B), (C), and (D) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character that shows the two taxa shared by a common ancestor.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

19. On the diagram below a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA. b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing. c. Add the following details to the diagram. Promoter region TATA box Transcription start site Transcription terminator Intron (A,B,C,D) Exons (1,2,3,4,5) Splice sites 5' cap 5' UTR (untranslated region) 3' poly A tail 3' UTR (untranslated region) Translational start (AUG) Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA) N and C ends of polypeptide 0000

Match the letter labels in the figure below to the terms. Some letter labels are not used. MNNNNNNIN M C B A M D F E H K G 8

The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions. 1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction? 2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe: a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why? b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for? 3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale. 4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale. Mutation 1 Mutation 2

Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1TYU

In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is

A. a shared ancestral character.
B. a shared derived character.
C. a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals.
D. an example of analogy rather than homology.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

A shared ancestral character is referred to as a character that initially originated from an ancestor of a taxon. Therefore, such shared ancestral character is shared with other taxa that have an earlier last common ancestor. Common internal structures can be shared by two different organisms from different taxa, for examples, the limbs of birds and humans; flipper of a whale and wings of a bat; and the limbs of a bat and deer.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

A shared ancestral character is inherited from a common ancestor and can appear anywhere in a phylogenetic tree, its presence does not confirm anything about the relationships within that tree. Therefore, option (A) is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct statement:

A shared ancestral character is common in two lineages, for example, the limb of a human and bird. Both have a similar internal structure, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than terrestrial vertebrates.

Option (A) is given as “a shared ancestral character”.

“In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character”, hence, it is the right answer.

Hence, option (A) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (B) is given as “a shared derived character”.

The shared derived character evolved in the lineage leads up to the clade and that places members of that clade apart from other individuals. Shared derived characters are used to group organisms into clades. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals”.

As the shared ancestral character is one that is common in two taxa, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than mammals. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (D) is given as “an example of analogy rather than homology”.

As analogous organs have similar functions but different origins, whereas homologous organs have similar origin but different functions. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (B), (C), and (D) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character that shows the two taxa shared by a common ancestor.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1TYU

In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is

A. a shared ancestral character.
B. a shared derived character.
C. a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals.
D. an example of analogy rather than homology.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

A shared ancestral character is referred to as a character that initially originated from an ancestor of a taxon. Therefore, such shared ancestral character is shared with other taxa that have an earlier last common ancestor. Common internal structures can be shared by two different organisms from different taxa, for examples, the limbs of birds and humans; flipper of a whale and wings of a bat; and the limbs of a bat and deer.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

A shared ancestral character is inherited from a common ancestor and can appear anywhere in a phylogenetic tree, its presence does not confirm anything about the relationships within that tree. Therefore, option (A) is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct statement:

A shared ancestral character is common in two lineages, for example, the limb of a human and bird. Both have a similar internal structure, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than terrestrial vertebrates.

Option (A) is given as “a shared ancestral character”.

“In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character”, hence, it is the right answer.

Hence, option (A) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (B) is given as “a shared derived character”.

The shared derived character evolved in the lineage leads up to the clade and that places members of that clade apart from other individuals. Shared derived characters are used to group organisms into clades. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals”.

As the shared ancestral character is one that is common in two taxa, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than mammals. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (D) is given as “an example of analogy rather than homology”.

As analogous organs have similar functions but different origins, whereas homologous organs have similar origin but different functions. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (B), (C), and (D) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character that shows the two taxa shared by a common ancestor.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1TYU

In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is

A. a shared ancestral character.
B. a shared derived character.
C. a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals.
D. an example of analogy rather than homology.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

A shared ancestral character is referred to as a character that initially originated from an ancestor of a taxon. Therefore, such shared ancestral character is shared with other taxa that have an earlier last common ancestor. Common internal structures can be shared by two different organisms from different taxa, for examples, the limbs of birds and humans; flipper of a whale and wings of a bat; and the limbs of a bat and deer.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

A shared ancestral character is inherited from a common ancestor and can appear anywhere in a phylogenetic tree, its presence does not confirm anything about the relationships within that tree. Therefore, option (A) is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct statement:

A shared ancestral character is common in two lineages, for example, the limb of a human and bird. Both have a similar internal structure, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than terrestrial vertebrates.

Option (A) is given as “a shared ancestral character”.

“In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character”, hence, it is the right answer.

Hence, option (A) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (B) is given as “a shared derived character”.

The shared derived character evolved in the lineage leads up to the clade and that places members of that clade apart from other individuals. Shared derived characters are used to group organisms into clades. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals”.

As the shared ancestral character is one that is common in two taxa, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than mammals. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (D) is given as “an example of analogy rather than homology”.

As analogous organs have similar functions but different origins, whereas homologous organs have similar origin but different functions. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (B), (C), and (D) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character that shows the two taxa shared by a common ancestor.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

A shared ancestral character is referred to as a character that initially originated from an ancestor of a taxon. Therefore, such shared ancestral character is shared with other taxa that have an earlier last common ancestor. Common internal structures can be shared by two different organisms from different taxa, for examples, the limbs of birds and humans; flipper of a whale and wings of a bat; and the limbs of a bat and deer.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

A shared ancestral character is inherited from a common ancestor and can appear anywhere in a phylogenetic tree, its presence does not confirm anything about the relationships within that tree. Therefore, option (A) is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct statement:

A shared ancestral character is common in two lineages, for example, the limb of a human and bird. Both have a similar internal structure, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than terrestrial vertebrates.

Option (A) is given as “a shared ancestral character”.

“In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character”, hence, it is the right answer.

Hence, option (A) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (B) is given as “a shared derived character”.

The shared derived character evolved in the lineage leads up to the clade and that places members of that clade apart from other individuals. Shared derived characters are used to group organisms into clades. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals”.

As the shared ancestral character is one that is common in two taxa, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than mammals. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (D) is given as “an example of analogy rather than homology”.

As analogous organs have similar functions but different origins, whereas homologous organs have similar origin but different functions. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (B), (C), and (D) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character that shows the two taxa shared by a common ancestor.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

A shared ancestral character is referred to as a character that initially originated from an ancestor of a taxon. Therefore, such shared ancestral character is shared with other taxa that have an earlier last common ancestor. Common internal structures can be shared by two different organisms from different taxa, for examples, the limbs of birds and humans; flipper of a whale and wings of a bat; and the limbs of a bat and deer.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

A shared ancestral character is inherited from a common ancestor and can appear anywhere in a phylogenetic tree, its presence does not confirm anything about the relationships within that tree. Therefore, option (A) is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct statement:

A shared ancestral character is common in two lineages, for example, the limb of a human and bird. Both have a similar internal structure, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than terrestrial vertebrates.

Option (A) is given as “a shared ancestral character”.

“In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character”, hence, it is the right answer.

Hence, option (A) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (B) is given as “a shared derived character”.

The shared derived character evolved in the lineage leads up to the clade and that places members of that clade apart from other individuals. Shared derived characters are used to group organisms into clades. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals”.

As the shared ancestral character is one that is common in two taxa, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than mammals. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (D) is given as “an example of analogy rather than homology”.

As analogous organs have similar functions but different origins, whereas homologous organs have similar origin but different functions. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (B), (C), and (D) are incorrect.

Conclusion

In the comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character that shows the two taxa shared by a common ancestor.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

A shared ancestral character is referred to as a character that initially originated from an ancestor of a taxon. Therefore, such shared ancestral character is shared with other taxa that have an earlier last common ancestor. Common internal structures can be shared by two different organisms from different taxa, for examples, the limbs of birds and humans; flipper of a whale and wings of a bat; and the limbs of a bat and deer.

Answer 12

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer:

A shared ancestral character is inherited from a common ancestor and can appear anywhere in a phylogenetic tree, its presence does not confirm anything about the relationships within that tree. Therefore, option (A) is correct.

Answer 13

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct statement:

A shared ancestral character is common in two lineages, for example, the limb of a human and bird. Both have a similar internal structure, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than terrestrial vertebrates.

Option (A) is given as “a shared ancestral character”.

“In a comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character”, hence, it is the right answer.

Hence, option (A) is correct.

Reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (B) is given as “a shared derived character”.

The shared derived character evolved in the lineage leads up to the clade and that places members of that clade apart from other individuals. Shared derived characters are used to group organisms into clades. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (C) is given as “a character useful for distinguishing birds from mammals”.

As the shared ancestral character is one that is common in two taxa, but it cannot be inferred that humans are more closely related to birds than mammals. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Option (D) is given as “an example of analogy rather than homology”.

As analogous organs have similar functions but different origins, whereas homologous organs have similar origin but different functions. Hence, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (B), (C), and (D) are incorrect.

Answer 14

Conclusion

In the comparison of birds and mammals, the condition of having four limbs is a shared ancestral character that shows the two taxa shared by a common ancestor.